. Gray's new manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Botany. 582 vioLACEAB (violet family) white-margined, slightly ciliolate ; capsules from apetalous flowers broadly ellip- Boid, finely dotted with purple; seeds buff-colored.—River bottoms and low woods, Mo. and southw. |X 7. V. papilionacea Pursh. Plants commonly robust from a stout horizontal branching rootstock ; leaves often 12 cm. broad, sometimes deltoid in outlme above the cordate base, sometimes rounded and abruptly pointed; petioles often spari


. Gray's new manual of botany. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Botany. 582 vioLACEAB (violet family) white-margined, slightly ciliolate ; capsules from apetalous flowers broadly ellip- Boid, finely dotted with purple; seeds buff-colored.—River bottoms and low woods, Mo. and southw. |X 7. V. papilionacea Pursh. Plants commonly robust from a stout horizontal branching rootstock ; leaves often 12 cm. broad, sometimes deltoid in outlme above the cordate base, sometimes rounded and abruptly pointed; petioles often sparingly pubescent; petals deep violet, white or greenish-yellow at the base, sometimes wholly white ; the spurred petal often narrow and boat-shaped, usu- ally glabrous ; outer sepals ovate-lanceolate, rarely ciliolate ; cleistogamous flowers ovoid, on horizontal peduncles usually underground but lengthened and erect when the capsules ripen; capsules ellipsoid to cylindric, green or dark purple, 10-15 mm. long; seeds 2 mm. long, dark brown. (V. pal- mata, var, cucullata Gray, in part.) —Moist meadows and groves, frequently about dwellings, Mass. to Minn., and papilioDacea. SOUthw. FiG. 807. , o n , i, .. 8. V. Stonejlna House. Leaves variously 3-9-lobed or parted, the outer segments broadly lunate, all somewhat dentate or incised, narrowed toward the base; the vernal and late summer leaves less deeply cut or not at all, glabrous except for minute hairs on the margin and sometimes on the veins; flowers large, violet, darker towards the throat; spurred petal glabrous ; capsules from the cleistogamous flowers ovoid, blotched with purple ; seeds buH-colored. — Moist woodlands, N. J., e. Pa., and Md. 9. V. palmjlta L. Leaves of early summer palmately 5-9-lobed or -parted, the segments variously toothed or cleft, the middle segment usually widest; the first leaves of spring sometimes undivided ; petioles and veins of the lower sur- face densely villous, upper surface often glabrou


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