Pioneer Spaniards in North America . agein Old Mexico just such as those which Cortesfound, how deeply we should be interested!How eagerly we should study these people whowould reproduce for us the race with which ourancestors came face to face ! This is what theZuiii and Moqui and other Pueblo Indians present us a picture of life in many partic-ulars just such as it was lived before the con-quering Spaniards came. Beneath their RomanCatholic religion and their Spanish names, anddespite their American shirts and rifles andfrocks, little is changed. They still build thesame queer commun
Pioneer Spaniards in North America . agein Old Mexico just such as those which Cortesfound, how deeply we should be interested!How eagerly we should study these people whowould reproduce for us the race with which ourancestors came face to face ! This is what theZuiii and Moqui and other Pueblo Indians present us a picture of life in many partic-ulars just such as it was lived before the con-quering Spaniards came. Beneath their RomanCatholic religion and their Spanish names, anddespite their American shirts and rifles andfrocks, little is changed. They still build thesame queer community-houses, in one great solidblock, piled up story above story, like steps,with ladders to reach them, and opening at thetop — the whole village housed in one building 23^ FRANCISCO VASQUEZ DE CORONADO — a kind of structure evidently adopted as aprotection against the marauding Apaches. Thewomen still put up their hair in the same queerrolls drawn over pieces of wood, as the Spaniardsdescribe them. They still gather in the long. RUINS OF CASA GRANDE hall before the fire, of a winter evening, andspend nearly the whole night in talking over thestories that have come down hundreds of their underground estufas, or khivas, theystill practise their mvsterious rites, to which nonebut members of the secret orders are they still hold their curious heathen festi- ^33 PIONEER SPANIARDS vals, of which the famous snake-dance is thebest known. How can we affirm so positively that Zuniwas the Cibola of the Spaniards ? Because FriarMarcos guided Coronado to the city wherethe negro Estevanico was killed, and the Zuiiitraditions preserve the two facts, the killing ofthe black Mexican and the conquest ot thepueblos by the Spaniards. The identification iscomplete. Thus we can readily picture the strange en-counter on which the bright autumn sun lookeddown. On one side were the way-worn Con-quistadors, in their shabby, dusty habilimentsand rusty armor, and on their thin,
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