Modern surgery, general and operative . gentlyand slowly moved laterally, so that the border of the cystoscope is kept in thefield until the end of the bar is reached. The instrument is then held stationaryfor a moment and a sharp lookout is kept for the jet of urme or the swirl. Theureteral orifice is thus indicated. Should the field become blurred by blood onthe lens, or should the solution In the bladder become mixed with blood, con-tinuous irrigation must be kept up through the cystoscope. The Ureteral Orifices.—As before mentioned, the ureteral orifices are usuallylocated at the terminati
Modern surgery, general and operative . gentlyand slowly moved laterally, so that the border of the cystoscope is kept in thefield until the end of the bar is reached. The instrument is then held stationaryfor a moment and a sharp lookout is kept for the jet of urme or the swirl. Theureteral orifice is thus indicated. Should the field become blurred by blood onthe lens, or should the solution In the bladder become mixed with blood, con-tinuous irrigation must be kept up through the cystoscope. The Ureteral Orifices.—As before mentioned, the ureteral orifices are usuallylocated at the terminations of the interureteral bar, and occupy the basal anglesof a triangle formed by the vesical outlet and the base of the trigone. They areusually about i to i^ cm. from the median fine and about 2I cm. from thevesical end of the urethra. They are recognized as smaU slits or as tubercleson the surface of the mucous membrane. Their position is not always the of the abnormal positions more commonly met with are as follows: one. Fig. 86g.—The interiorarrangement of the vesselsinterureteral bar. of the bladder, showingof the trigone: A, B, 1306 Diseases and Injuries of the Genito-urinary Organs ureter closer to or further removed from the median line, both ureters emptyinginto the bladder close to the median line, generally about one-quarter or one-half the length of the bar. Malposition toward the vesical outlet and in somevery rare instances both emptying on the same side. Sacculation and pocket-ing of the bladder with swelling of the mucous membrane often make localiza-tion of the ureteral orifices difficult. It is then that the administration ofmethylene-blue or indigo-carmin may enable the investigator to more readilylocate the ureters. After locating a ureteral orifice the vesical end of the cystoscope is carrieddirectly over the opening and the catheter is projected against the opening,where it is allowed to remain for a moment in order to overcome the spasmof th
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishe, booksubjectsurgery
