. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. External factors- - Motivation / releaser mood \ / Neural mechanism Behavior FIG. 2-5 Factors involved in the activation of an instinct. hormones or as kinesthesia involving changes in the tension of muscles and tendons or changes in shape or form of muscle fibers. Motivation is established when there is an accumulation of internal stimuli po- tentials as the result of hormone action, kinesthetics, or changes of metabolism. A combination of motiva- tion with proper external conditions and stimuli sets up a drive, such as the hunger drive, or reproduc- tive dri
. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. External factors- - Motivation / releaser mood \ / Neural mechanism Behavior FIG. 2-5 Factors involved in the activation of an instinct. hormones or as kinesthesia involving changes in the tension of muscles and tendons or changes in shape or form of muscle fibers. Motivation is established when there is an accumulation of internal stimuli po- tentials as the result of hormone action, kinesthetics, or changes of metabolism. A combination of motiva- tion with proper external conditions and stimuli sets up a drive, such as the hunger drive, or reproduc- tive drive (Richter 1927). Once a major drive is initiated, satisfaction of it requires a series of events and stimuli at different levels of integration, so that a hierarchy of drives, ac- tions, and stimuli is established. The significance of this hierarchy is that a major activity in the life cycle of an animal does not take place until the organism is in a proper physiological state, which depends, often in large part, on the environment, and then one action leads to another until consummation is com- pleted. In the male stickleback, for instance, the re- productive drive is not initiated until hormone stimuli are released as the result of gonad enlargement and response to lengthening daily photoperiods. Once the reproductive stimulus is given, the first secondary FIRST LEVEL SECOND LEVEL THIRD LEVEL drive is the establishment of nesting territories by fighting among male fishes. Then the nest is built. Only after this is completed is the male ready to re- ceive the female. Even though an animal may have potential ca- pacities in its sense organs with which to respond to the whole environment, a particular action is trig- gered by stimuli from only a very small part of the environment. This is a fundamental characteristic of innate behavior, and the discovery of these critical sign stimuli or releasers is necessary for an apprecia- tion of the interrelation of animals in a communit
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodive, booksubjectanimalecology
