. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. Balsam Fir 75 I. BALSAM FIR—Abies baJsamea (Linnaeus) Miller Pintis halsamea Linnaeus The Balsam fir, also called Balm of Gilead fir, Balsam, Blister pine, Fir pine, Silver pine. Fir tree. Single spruce, Sapin, and "Cho-koh-tung," meaning "blisters," by the Indians, occurs from Labrador, west to Alberta and southward to the moun- tains of Virginia and to Minnesota, being most abundant in the regions ab
. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. Balsam Fir 75 I. BALSAM FIR—Abies baJsamea (Linnaeus) Miller Pintis halsamea Linnaeus The Balsam fir, also called Balm of Gilead fir, Balsam, Blister pine, Fir pine, Silver pine. Fir tree. Single spruce, Sapin, and "Cho-koh-tung," meaning "blisters," by the Indians, occurs from Labrador, west to Alberta and southward to the moun- tains of Virginia and to Minnesota, being most abundant in the regions about the Great Lakes, occurring southward only in the mountains. It grows in swamps or on their borders, usually with spruce and hemlock, occasionally, however, form- ing forests by itself and reaching a maximum height of 30 meters, with a trunk diameter of i meter, but in high altitudes and latitudes it is reduced to a very small tree or a spreading shrub. The long slender branches, spreading horizontally and sometimes drooping, are in considerably separated whorls, forming a broad symmetrical open conic tree when grown in the open. The bark on large old trees is about 12 mm. thick, smooth, grayish, and marked by numerous swellings that contain an oleo- resin, commonly called Canada Balsam. The slender twigs are finely hairy, yel- lowish green, changing through yellow- ish brown to purphsh black, becoming smooth with age. The leaves, which become fragrant in drying, are 10 to 22 mm. long, nearly 2 mm. wide, narrowly linear, dark green and shining above, pale green, or when young frequently nearly white and marked by the promi- nent midrib beneath; on yoimg branch- lets they spread outwardly, appearing 2-ranked and are pointed at the apex; on upper fruiting branchlets they are somewhat crowded, curved, nearly erect, and bluntly pointed. The staminate flowers are cylindiic, about 6 mm. long, quite yellow. The pistillate flowers are oblong-cylindric, 2 cm. long, and purple. ^'°
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