Welding; theory, practice, apparatus and tests, electric, thermit and hot-flame processes . en charged against this process: THE BERNARDOS ARC-WELDING PROCESS 35 1. That it is much cheaper than either the oxy-hydrogen oroxy-acetylene flames; because the initial cost of the apparatus islower and the cost of the energyused is less than the cost of thehot-flame gases for the sameamount of work done. 2. That the flame is noteasy to control. 3. That the flame is satu-rated with hot carbon and car-bon gas from the pencils. Thecarbon is taken up by themolten metal, which becomesburnt or brittle. 4. T
Welding; theory, practice, apparatus and tests, electric, thermit and hot-flame processes . en charged against this process: THE BERNARDOS ARC-WELDING PROCESS 35 1. That it is much cheaper than either the oxy-hydrogen oroxy-acetylene flames; because the initial cost of the apparatus islower and the cost of the energyused is less than the cost of thehot-flame gases for the sameamount of work done. 2. That the flame is noteasy to control. 3. That the flame is satu-rated with hot carbon and car-bon gas from the pencils. Thecarbon is taken up by themolten metal, which becomesburnt or brittle. 4. That the intense light ofthe arc and the high voltagenecessary make the weldingrather dangerous to the oper-ator. 5. That only a limited-sizedflame can be obtained. The Zerener arc has appar-ently never been tried out inthis country. Abroad it issometimes used for weldingrough work, such as brokencastings and pieces that do notneed to retain any elasticity. In spite of its several limita- Fig. blowpipe apparatus. tions, the cheapness of operation should recommend it to THE BERNARDOS ARC-WELDING PROCESS This arc-welding process is an evolution of the electric the electric furnace of Moissan and others the electrodes wereboth carbon, and the metal to be melted was placed between thecarbons in the path of the arc. De Meritens substituted themetal itself for one of the carbons; and later Bernardos, a 36 WELDING Russian, perfected the process. Coffin has taken out similarpatents in America, The Bernardos process has been known inEurope for more than twenty years, and has recently been intro-duced into this country. Welding heat is obtained by the elec-tric arc. The metal to be welded or melted is the positiveweldingtheorypra00hart
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