. New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen. o distinct parties—if such a termmay be used—with a third element whose posi-tion remained somewhat in doubt. Necessarily the Tory party was the most close-ly bound in a common interest, if not the mostcarefully organized. Its leader was GovernorFranklin, who influenced a majority of thecrown officers, the members of his council, andin civil life most if not all of the Episcopalians,who were active social forces in Burlington andPerth Amboy and to a somewhat less degree inTrenton and Elizabeth. Allied thereto were aportion
. New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen. o distinct parties—if such a termmay be used—with a third element whose posi-tion remained somewhat in doubt. Necessarily the Tory party was the most close-ly bound in a common interest, if not the mostcarefully organized. Its leader was GovernorFranklin, who influenced a majority of thecrown officers, the members of his council, andin civil life most if not all of the Episcopalians,who were active social forces in Burlington andPerth Amboy and to a somewhat less degree inTrenton and Elizabeth. Allied thereto were aportion of the descendants of the Holland set-tlers of the Hackensack and Passaic of the leading lawyers of the State, trainedin the formalities of English precedent, also hadTory sympathies. Opposed to the crown party were the Whigs,whose call for freedom was first sounded in themeetings of the committees. Following theboundaries of Calvinistic settlement in East Jer-sey, the cause of independence had its earliestdevelopment wherever the town meeting was a. HANGING A TORT. ONY AND AS A STATE 31 source of local political strength. Starting alongthe north shore of Monmouth County, it spreadover Elizabethtown, Newark, along the valleyof the Raritan, and over the hills of MorrisCounty. Touching Burlington, the reactionarypolicy leaped to Cumberland County, where Cal-vinism was a power, and spread by degreesthrough Salem and Gloucester Counties. Itdrew into its ranks men of affairs, merchants,particularly those with a dash of Scotch-Irishblood in their veins, caught from the narrowconfines of the meeting houses of the Society ofFriends young Quakers, who preferred a widefield of action, and who were later to be led byTimothy Matlack, the Fighting Quaker ofPennsylvania, himself a Jerseyman born. Itfired the ambitions of the yeomen, small farmers,redemptioners, indentured servants, and labor-ing men, many of whom had grievances againstthose in authority, and whom they desir
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