Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology, : being a 5th and revedof the Botanical text-book, illustrated with over thirteen hundred woodcuts . of the dicarpellary ovary; itslimb reduced to a mere border, or to five small teeth. Petals five,valvate in aestivation, inserted, with the five stamens, on a diskwhich crowns the ovary; their points inflexed. Styles two; theirbases often united and thickened, forming a stylopodium. Fruitdry, a ei-emocarp, consisting of two united carpels, at maturity sepa- 3G* 426 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TIIE NATURAL ORDERS. rable from each o
Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology, : being a 5th and revedof the Botanical text-book, illustrated with over thirteen hundred woodcuts . of the dicarpellary ovary; itslimb reduced to a mere border, or to five small teeth. Petals five,valvate in aestivation, inserted, with the five stamens, on a diskwhich crowns the ovary; their points inflexed. Styles two; theirbases often united and thickened, forming a stylopodium. Fruitdry, a ei-emocarp, consisting of two united carpels, at maturity sepa- 3G* 426 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TIIE NATURAL ORDERS. rable from each other, and often from a slender axis (carpophore),into two aehenia, or mericarps: the face by which these cohere re-ceives the technical name of commissure: they are marked with adefinite number of ribs (jiga), which are sometimes produced intowings : the intervening spaces (intervals), as well as the commissure,sometimes contain canals or receptacles of volatile oil, called vittce:these are the principal terms peculiarly employed in describing theplants of this difficult family. Embryo minute. Albumen hard orcorneous. — Ex. The Carrot, Parsnip, Celery, Caraway, Anise,. Coriander, Poison Hemlock, &c. are common representatives of thiswell-known family. Nearly all Umbelliferous plants are furnishedwith a volatile oil or balsam, chiefly accumulated in the roots and inthe reservoirs of the fruit, upon which their aromatic and carmina-tive properties depend: sometimes it is small in quantity, so asmerely to flavor the saccharine roots, which are used for food; as inthe Carrot and Parsnip. But in many an alkaloid principle exists,pervading the foliage, stems, and roots, especially the latter, which ren- FIG. 845. Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock), a portion of the spotted stem, with a leaf;and an umbel -with young fruit. 846. A flowering umbellet. 847. A flower, enlarged. 848. Thefruit. 849. Cross-section of the same, showing the involute {campylospermous) albumen of thetwo seeds.
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Keywords: ., bookauthorgra, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectbotany
