Mediaeval and modern history . Fig. 68. — Melrose Abbey. (From a photograph) As the ruins of Fountains Abbey (see Plate VI) are a memorial of the iconoclasmof the Reformation movement in England, so are the remains of MelroseAbbey a like monument of the iconoclastic phase of the Reformation inScotland. With the change in doctrines there, the monks of the historic abbey— it was founded in the thirteenth century — were driven out and thebeautiful sculptures of the abbey church defaced. Fig. 69. — Typical Dutch Scene: Zaandam. (From a photograph) CHAPTER XXIII THE REVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS: RISE
Mediaeval and modern history . Fig. 68. — Melrose Abbey. (From a photograph) As the ruins of Fountains Abbey (see Plate VI) are a memorial of the iconoclasmof the Reformation movement in England, so are the remains of MelroseAbbey a like monument of the iconoclastic phase of the Reformation inScotland. With the change in doctrines there, the monks of the historic abbey— it was founded in the thirteenth century — were driven out and thebeautiful sculptures of the abbey church defaced. Fig. 69. — Typical Dutch Scene: Zaandam. (From a photograph) CHAPTER XXIII THE REVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS: RISE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC (1572-1609) 396. The Country.—The name Netherlands (lowlands) wasformerly applied to all that district in the northwest of Europe,much of it sunk below the level of the sea, now occupied by thekingdoms of the Netherlands and Belgium. A large part of thisregion is simply the delta accumulations of the Rhine and otherrivers emptying into the North Sea. Originally it was often over-flowed by its streams and inundated by the ocean. But this unpromising morass, protected at last by heavy dikesseaward against the invasions of the ocean, and by great embank-ments inland against the overflow of its streams, was destined tobecome the site of the most potent cities of Europe, and the seatof one of the foremost commonwealths of modern times. 397. The People: Celt and German. — Much light is thrownupon the history of the Netherlands by keeping in mind the dif-
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