. The anatomy of the honey bee. Insects; Bees; Bees Anatomy; Honeybee Anatomy. 50 THE ANATOMY OF THE HONEY BEE. the bee does not possess a hypopharynx. There is, however, a con- spicuous chitinous plate located on the anterior part of the floor of the pharynx (fig. 19, s) having two terminal points hanging downward over the lower lip of the oral aperture, but, although this plate is truly hypopharyngeal in position, it is not the homologue of the organ called the hypopharynx in other insects. It is variously developed in all Hymenoptera, being simply a chitinization of the floor of the pharynx
. The anatomy of the honey bee. Insects; Bees; Bees Anatomy; Honeybee Anatomy. 50 THE ANATOMY OF THE HONEY BEE. the bee does not possess a hypopharynx. There is, however, a con- spicuous chitinous plate located on the anterior part of the floor of the pharynx (fig. 19, s) having two terminal points hanging downward over the lower lip of the oral aperture, but, although this plate is truly hypopharyngeal in position, it is not the homologue of the organ called the hypopharynx in other insects. It is variously developed in all Hymenoptera, being simply a chitinization of the floor of the pharynx, and should be called the pharyngeal plate (Schlundhein of Wollf). It will be more fully described in connection with the ali- mentary canal. If a hypopharynx were present it should be situated on the upper side of the labium (see fig. 3 D, Hphy) but there is here present only a plain arched membranous surface in the honey bee and other typical Hymenoptera. The external location of the salivary opening enables the saliva to be mixed with the food before the latter enters the mouth. This is necessary in insects since the jaws are also on the outside of the. Lum Mt Fig. 16.—Median section through distal half of mentum (Mt) and base of ligula (Lg) of worker, showing opening of salivary duct (SaWO), and muscles connected with ligula and the "salivary syringe" (t). mouth, and whatever chewing or crushing the food receives from them is consequently done in the preoral cavity. In some insects the saliva is used for other purposes than diges- tion. For example, the saliva of some predaceous insects with pierc- ing mouth parts belonging to the order Hemiptera is poisonous, and when one of these insects " bites," the saliva is injected into the wound by a special pump. The bite of the mosquito is made painful likewise by an irritant secretion from a part of the salivary glands. Bees appear to have the power of letting their saliva run down the tongue when necessary
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