The phase rule and its applications . e two substances. In order toexemplify the application of the principles of the Phase Rulemore fully than has already been done, illustrations will bedrawn from investigations on the interaction of organic com-pounds ; on the equilibria between optically active compounds;and on alloys. Summary of the Different Systems of Two Components.—Before passing to the consideration of the application of thePhase Rule to the investigation of particular problems, it will APPLICATION OF THE PHASE RULE 211 be well to collect together the different types of equilibriumcu
The phase rule and its applications . e two substances. In order toexemplify the application of the principles of the Phase Rulemore fully than has already been done, illustrations will bedrawn from investigations on the interaction of organic com-pounds ; on the equilibria between optically active compounds;and on alloys. Summary of the Different Systems of Two Components.—Before passing to the consideration of the application of thePhase Rule to the investigation of particular problems, it will APPLICATION OF THE PHASE RULE 211 be well to collect together the different types of equilibriumcurves with which we are already acquainted j to compare themwith one another, in order that we may then employ thesecharacteristic curves for the interpretation of the curves obtainedas the result of In investigating the equilibria between two components,three chief classes of curves will be obtained according as— I. No combination takes place between the two components. II. The components can form definite A AFig. 63. III. The components separate out in the form of mixedcrystals. The different types of curves which are obtained in thesethree cases are represented in Figs. 63, 64, 65. Thesedifferent diagrams represent the whole series of equilibria,from the melting point of the one component (A) to that ofthe other component (B). The curves represent, in all cases,the composition of the solution, or phase of variable composi-tion j the temperature being measured along one axis, and thecomposition along the other. We shall now recapitulate very briefly the characteristicsof the different curves. If no compound is formed between the two components, the general form of the equilibrium curve will be that of curve I. or II., Fig. 63. Type I. is the simplest form of curve found, 1 See also Ruer, Zeitschr. physikal. 1907, 59, 1 ; 190S, 64, 357 ; Jonker, ibid., 1909, 66, 300. 212 THE PHASE RULE and consists, as the diagram shows, of only two branche
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