. Foundations of botany. af-divisions exposeenough assimilating cells, and at the same time the PLANT SOCIETIES 321 narrowness of the division permits plenty of light topenetrate to the plants lower leaves. It is also, doubt-less, much easier for leaves like those of the yarrow, thedog fennel, the tansy, the carrot, and their like, to with-stand the action ofsevere winds, to which they are oftenexposed, than itwould be for leaveslike those of the jack-in-the-pulpit (seeFrontispiece), thetrilliums, the lily-of-the-valley, and simi-lar leaves. 393. Transition ofa Plant from ShadeConditions to Su


. Foundations of botany. af-divisions exposeenough assimilating cells, and at the same time the PLANT SOCIETIES 321 narrowness of the division permits plenty of light topenetrate to the plants lower leaves. It is also, doubt-less, much easier for leaves like those of the yarrow, thedog fennel, the tansy, the carrot, and their like, to with-stand the action ofsevere winds, to which they are oftenexposed, than itwould be for leaveslike those of the jack-in-the-pulpit (seeFrontispiece), thetrilliums, the lily-of-the-valley, and simi-lar leaves. 393. Transition ofa Plant from ShadeConditions to SunConditions. — It ischaracteristic ofmany kinds of foresttrees that the youngseedlings are muchmore tolerant ofdense shade than theadult trees their seeds will hardly germinate at all unlessthoroughly shaded, and the young trees for the first fewyears flourish best in the shade. Afterwards most treesneed a good deal of sunlight, but they may live longwith a scanty supply of light. The red spruce sometimes. Fig. 227. -I, a Shade-Plant {Clintonia) ; II, a Sun-Plant, Dog Fennel (Maruta). 322 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY \\\ * ^(jt


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectplants, bookyear1901