Handbook of archaeology, Egyptian - Greek - Etruscan - Roman . s to the Persian invasion of Egypt. One in the ImperialLibrary at Paris bears the titles and name of Shafra, a monarch ofthe fourth dynasty; an agate cylinder in the British Museum is ofthe time of Amenem Ha IT. of the twelfth dynasty. Sir G. Wil-kinson mentions one in the Alnwick Museum bearing the name ofOsirtasen I., 2020, thus proving them to have been of theearliest date in Egypt, and the origin, rather than derived from,the cylinders of Assyria. These monuments appear, therefore, tobe of Egyptian origin, and they may hav
Handbook of archaeology, Egyptian - Greek - Etruscan - Roman . s to the Persian invasion of Egypt. One in the ImperialLibrary at Paris bears the titles and name of Shafra, a monarch ofthe fourth dynasty; an agate cylinder in the British Museum is ofthe time of Amenem Ha IT. of the twelfth dynasty. Sir G. Wil-kinson mentions one in the Alnwick Museum bearing the name ofOsirtasen I., 2020, thus proving them to have been of theearliest date in Egypt, and the origin, rather than derived from,the cylinders of Assyria. These monuments appear, therefore, tobe of Egyptian origin, and they may have passed to other countries,like the scarabaei, through the Phoenicians, to whom also somecylinders are attributed. The Egyptian cylinders bear the figuresof gods, with their names in hieroglyphics, and are also foundinscribed with ovals containing royal names. Assyrian and Persiancylinders present subjects derived from the religious myths of theAssyrians and Persians, sometimes accompanied by inscriptions incuneiform characters. 290 HANDBOOK OF FAUNS SACRIFICING A GOAT. Sard. ETRUSCAN GLYPTIC ART Numerous as are Etruscan gems, none of them are cameos, orwith figures cut in relief; all are intagli, and all are cut into theform of the scarabeeus, or beetle. Nothing seems to indicate a closeranalogy between Etruria and Egypt than the multitude of thesecurious gems found in this part of Italy. The use of them was,doubtless, derived from the banks of the Nile. They appear tohave served the same purpose as in Egypt, to have been worn ascharms, or amulets, generally in rings.* The Etruscan scarabeeihave a marked difference from the Egyptian in material, form, anddecoration. The Etruscan are of cornelian, sardonyx, and agate,rarely of chalcedony. The Egyptian are truthful representa-tions of the insect; the Etruscan are exaggerated resemblances,especially in the back, which is set up to an extravagant flat, or under part of the stone, which is always the sidee
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