. The elasmobranch fishes . 093 Fig. 103. Development of the muscles to the eye, AcantJiias, right, median view. (From I^amb.) anterior rectus; , ciliary ganglion of fifth nerve; , gasserian ganglion; , inferior oblique; , inferior rectus; , optic pedicel; , ophthalmicus profundus; , external or posterior rectus; , supe- rior oblique; and VII, ophthalmicus su- perficialis branches of tlie fifth and seventh nerves; , superior rectus; /// and VI, ocu- lomotor and aljducens nerves respectively. palatoquadrate. In Carcharias, how- ever, in addition t
. The elasmobranch fishes . 093 Fig. 103. Development of the muscles to the eye, AcantJiias, right, median view. (From I^amb.) anterior rectus; , ciliary ganglion of fifth nerve; , gasserian ganglion; , inferior oblique; , inferior rectus; , optic pedicel; , ophthalmicus profundus; , external or posterior rectus; , supe- rior oblique; and VII, ophthalmicus su- perficialis branches of tlie fifth and seventh nerves; , superior rectus; /// and VI, ocu- lomotor and aljducens nerves respectively. palatoquadrate. In Carcharias, how- ever, in addition to its postorbital relations, it extends its origin anteriorly along almost the whole of the supraorbital crest. In the rays, this muscle and the first dorsal constrictor are distinct and separate. In Torpedo {, fig. 105a) the levator maxillae is well defined and runs far forward to be inserted on the median palatal part of the palatoquadrate. In Rhinobatis it is much broader than in Torpedo and is inserted still farther forward. In Raja {l.)iix., fig. 105b) it arises by two heads, a superior and an inferior; the fibers of the two unite anteriorly, whereupon insertion is made on the palatine part of the palatoquadrate cartilage. Superficial Constrictors op Pharynx The superficial constrictor muscles vary considerably from those studied in Heptanchus. These muscles in pentanchid Elasmobranchs are six in number.
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