. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. April, 1920] The Canadian Field-Naturalist 77 rounded when young, depressed in the centre when old. The stalk is 2 to 3 inches long, white or tinged with yellow. Very brittle. There is no ring and no volva or poison cup. Besides the scarlet cap, some of the forms with milky juice are mildly poisonous. They are very hot and the milk is not reddish, as with the Orange Flow (Lactarius deliciosus). There are some mushrooms which have tubes m place of gills. Some of these are edible and others poisonous. The poisonous ones have a flesh that changes
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. April, 1920] The Canadian Field-Naturalist 77 rounded when young, depressed in the centre when old. The stalk is 2 to 3 inches long, white or tinged with yellow. Very brittle. There is no ring and no volva or poison cup. Besides the scarlet cap, some of the forms with milky juice are mildly poisonous. They are very hot and the milk is not reddish, as with the Orange Flow (Lactarius deliciosus). There are some mushrooms which have tubes m place of gills. Some of these are edible and others poisonous. The poisonous ones have a flesh that changes color when cut or broken or have tubes with red mouths. There are a few mushrooms that have clay-colored gills and a cobwebby veil that should also be avoided. Gathering Wild Mushrooms. When one is gathering wild mushrooms a basket is the best receptacle for carrying them, as different compartments may be made for holding the various kinds, and thus keep from crushing and spoiling the more tender ones. When collecting mushrooms for the table they should never be pulled up or broken off. In the deadly poisonous mushrooms the most marked char- acteristic, the poison cup or volva, is deeply buried in the soil. If the plant is pulled up or broken off the poison cup is lost and it is impossible to dis- tinguish the poisonous kinds from certain edible ones. After a mushroom has been carefully dug up and examined and the collector is certain that it is edible, the lower part of the stalk may be cut. Fig. 4.âScarlet Cap (Russula From Hulli'tin , Ontario Deiiartmcnt of Many mushrooms are wholesome when fresh but become dangerous when they begin to decay, or show evidence of the work of insects or worms. Jack-O-Lantern, False chantarelle. (Clitocybc illudens Schw.) Mildly poisonous. This is a large mushroom growing in clusters on decaying wood. At first the plants are a clear yel- low but later become brov/nish. When seen in typical clusters it is very attractive but is mildly poiso
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