. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 316 J. M. SHICK ET AL. these enzymes (Shick and Dunlap, 2002). Therefore, the MAAs found in diverse marine microbial-invertebrate pho- totrophic symbioses were thought at first simply to originate in the algal or cyanobacterial partner (reviewed by Shick and Dunlap. 2002). Carroll and Shick (1996) first confirmed experimentally the suggestion by Chalker ct til. (1988) that non-symbiotic metazoans also containing MAAs obtain them from their diet. But the MAA complement in consumers does not always coincide with that in their
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 316 J. M. SHICK ET AL. these enzymes (Shick and Dunlap, 2002). Therefore, the MAAs found in diverse marine microbial-invertebrate pho- totrophic symbioses were thought at first simply to originate in the algal or cyanobacterial partner (reviewed by Shick and Dunlap. 2002). Carroll and Shick (1996) first confirmed experimentally the suggestion by Chalker ct til. (1988) that non-symbiotic metazoans also containing MAAs obtain them from their diet. But the MAA complement in consumers does not always coincide with that in their diet, nor does the MAA complement in symbioses always match that produced by their microbial endosymbionts /// vitro. Thus, MAAs in the diet may be modified by bacteria in the consumer's diges- tive tract, and MAAs synthesized by a symbiont could be modified after translocation to the host (see: Dunlap and Shick. 1998; Shick and Dunlap, 2002: and references therein). Accounting for the MAAs found in a given organism or symbiotic consortium is therefore complicated and requires a detailed knowledge of the diet and the MAAs available therein; the MAAs that the symbionts can produce; and the capacity of the animal to absorb, retain, and modify dietary MAAs and those synthesized by its endosymbionts. These factors may vary spatially (Adams ft <//.. 2001). temporally (including ontogenetically [Adams and Shick, 1996. 2001) and during growth [Sebens, 1981 ]), and genotypically (Ba- naszak et 2000). Sea anemones in the genus Anthopleura contain taxo- nomically diverse microalgal endosymbionts that vary with latitude (LaJeunesse and Trench, 2000; Secord and Augus- tine, 2000), and four species of anemones in this genus overlap in intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats along the Pacific Coast of temperate North America (Fig. 1). From this array, we have selected sympatric populations to test the effects of the foregoing factors (especially the role of ex- posure to solar radia
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