A philosophical and statistical history of the inventions and customes of ancient and modern nations in the manufacture and use of inebriating liquors; with the present practice of distillation in all its varieties: together with an extensive illustration of the consumption and effects of opium, and other stimulants used in the East, as substitutes for wine and spirits . s 55 per cent over proof. The late ingenious Mr. Watt, having ascertained that liquids boiledin vacuo at a much lower temperature than when under the pressureof the atmosphere, applied the discovery to distillation. The saving
A philosophical and statistical history of the inventions and customes of ancient and modern nations in the manufacture and use of inebriating liquors; with the present practice of distillation in all its varieties: together with an extensive illustration of the consumption and effects of opium, and other stimulants used in the East, as substitutes for wine and spirits . s 55 per cent over proof. The late ingenious Mr. Watt, having ascertained that liquids boiledin vacuo at a much lower temperature than when under the pressureof the atmosphere, applied the discovery to distillation. The savingof fuel by distilling in vacuo would be immense, since it is well knownthat the heat of the hand in an exhausted receiver is sufficient tomake water boil. All liquids boil in a vacuum at about 145° lowerthan in the open air, under a pressure of thirty inches of mercury ;water, therefore, would boil in a vacuum of 67°. After him contrived an apparatus for this purpose, which from its simpli-city, is deserving of attention. The vessels are arranged in themanner of Wolfes apparatus, as represented in the subjoineddrawing, and of such strength as to bear, when empty, the external x 2 642 atmospheric pressure. The vacuum is produced and maintained by-air-pumps, or by the admission of steam to expel the air, and after-wards condensing the steam into A is the body of the still, B is a water bath into which it isimmersed, which prevents the liquor fiom burning or acquiring flavour: C is the head or capital, and D its neck curvingdownwards and entering the condensing vessel, E F is a refrigera-tory or close vessel containing cold water for converting the spirituousvapours, which, having been raised in the still, are contained in the vesselE. Attached to the bottom of this vessel, is a pipe for conveying theliquid and the uncondensed vapour into a vessel G, which beingsurrounded with cold water contained in the vessel H, acts also as arefrigeratory an
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookpublisheretcetc, booksubjectdistillation
