. Principles of modern biology. Biology. 408 - Multicellular Animals, Especially Man fractionated extract of the tissue) seems to exceed the combined potencies of all the in- dividual substances that have been isolated from the extract. Also the whole cortin ex- tract, prepared according to the best known methods, shows very little influence upon the sexual functions of the animal. In man, the commonest type of adrenal cortex insufficiency is encountered in Addi- son's disease, a tubercular infection localized mainly in the cortex portion of the gland. A hyperactivity of the cortex is encounte
. Principles of modern biology. Biology. 408 - Multicellular Animals, Especially Man fractionated extract of the tissue) seems to exceed the combined potencies of all the in- dividual substances that have been isolated from the extract. Also the whole cortin ex- tract, prepared according to the best known methods, shows very little influence upon the sexual functions of the animal. In man, the commonest type of adrenal cortex insufficiency is encountered in Addi- son's disease, a tubercular infection localized mainly in the cortex portion of the gland. A hyperactivity of the cortex is encountered in some cases of adrenal tumor. Such tumors, although very rare, especially in males, are apt to give rise to a conciition known as adrenal virilism, which can appear at any age. In boys the sex organs, except for the testes, may approximate full size and ma- turity at an age of 1 or 2 years, and simul- taneously the hair, voice, and body muscula- ture take on the characteristics of an adult man. But even greater is the misfortune of a girl or woman who develops adrenal viril- ism. In this case, the bodily development is all in a masculine direction, producing a bearded face, deepened voice, and consider- able muscularity. Simultaneously the ovaries, uterus, and vagina begin to atrophy; but the clitoris enlarges, assuming the propor- tion of a penis. Such changes, in both male and female subjects, are somewhat difficult to interpret, although they may be due to a great overproduction of cortical hormones, some of which have distinct androgenic prop- erties. All in all, therefore, many more data are needed before the problem of adrenal virilism can be clarified and brought under control. THE ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS An endocrine function of the pancreas was first suspected in 1892, when it was observed that depancreati/ed dogs quickly develop severe symptoms of a fairly common human ailment, diabetes mellitus. However, no hor- monal activity could be found in the p
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