. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 56 Y. K. MARUYAMA Seto Marine Biological Laboratory of Kyoto University at Shirahama (Wakayama Prefecture, Japan). It was situated in the upper portion of the subtidal zone, about 1 m below the datum line in the tide table for Shirahama (tide tables issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tokyo). Water tem- peratures were recorded (Fig. 1). Slide sampling. Following Pearse (1989). specimens of placozoans were collected on glass slides (76 mm X 26 mm). Typically, seven clean slides were placed in a stain- less steel slide
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 56 Y. K. MARUYAMA Seto Marine Biological Laboratory of Kyoto University at Shirahama (Wakayama Prefecture, Japan). It was situated in the upper portion of the subtidal zone, about 1 m below the datum line in the tide table for Shirahama (tide tables issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tokyo). Water tem- peratures were recorded (Fig. 1). Slide sampling. Following Pearse (1989). specimens of placozoans were collected on glass slides (76 mm X 26 mm). Typically, seven clean slides were placed in a stain- less steel slide rack (72 mm X 66 mm X 31 mm; ordinarily used in histology), and four sets of racks thus prepared were placed on the substrate at the study site. Later (19 to 68 days; 35 days on average), each of the racks was put separately into a plastic container filled with ambient sea- water collected at the site and returned to the laboratory for observation. Sometimes, individual clean slides, not in racks, were placed at the site, and individual slides were also examined if the racks holding them disappeared unac- countably. On the day of retrieval, or the day after, new sets of slides were placed for the next observation. Substrate sampling. Placozoans were also collected from samples of natural substrate materials ranging in size from pebble to cobble (according to the particle grade scale of Wentworth; Lincoln et 1998); for example, those of 4-8 cm in length are within this range. Stones, shells of molluscs (dead or alive), fragments of skeleton of hard corals (dead or alive), or mixtures thereof, were collected by hand at the study site and placed separately into containers of ambient seawater. These samples were brought to the laboratory for observation. The sampling was carried out at intervals of 12-68 days. 35 days on average. Laboratory observations of placozoans from the field. In the slide sampling, each slide was quickly transferred into a plastic dish (90 mm in
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