. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. VEnTEDEATA: PISCES. 5(U the lower jaw oppose the tooth-hearing elements, premaxillary and maxillary, of the maxillary series, while the pterygoquadrate elements—the palatine and the series of pterygoids—are the an- tagonists of the hyoid. A second characteristic of the bony fishes is already outlined in tlic cartilaginous fishes: the modification of the hyomandibular to. Fig. .189.—skuU of harldock. Infraorbital riiif? and operculum outlined in red. a, annulare; ar. articulare ; as, alisphenoid: , oct, , basi-, ex-, and supra- oceipital; no, opisthotic ;
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. IV. VEnTEDEATA: PISCES. 5(U the lower jaw oppose the tooth-hearing elements, premaxillary and maxillary, of the maxillary series, while the pterygoquadrate elements—the palatine and the series of pterygoids—are the an- tagonists of the hyoid. A second characteristic of the bony fishes is already outlined in tlic cartilaginous fishes: the modification of the hyomandibular to. Fig. .189.—skuU of harldock. Infraorbital riiif? and operculum outlined in red. a, annulare; ar. articulare ; as, alisphenoid: , oct, , basi-, ex-, and supra- oceipital; no, opisthotic ; |<, parietal; pn, palatine; jirm, premaxillary ; pro, pro- otio : ps, parasphenoid ; p(o, pterotic ; qu, quadrate; rhr, hranchiostegals ; .ipfei, sphenotic: sy, symplectic ; tv, yomer; u\ yertebra. Bones outlined in red; in/, infraorbital; 'Uu interoperculum ; o, operculum ; pro, preoperculum ; in, suboper- culum ; i,:.', J, axes of ^abial, mandibular, and hyoid arches. a suspensor of the jaws. In the elasmobranchs (especially the skates) the parallelism of hyoid and mandibular arches is lost, the livomandibnlar separating from the hyoid and attaching itself to the hinge of the jaws. In the teleosts the hyomandibular is thus Tn'ouglit in connexion with the quadrate, and lies between it and the cranium, the joint being tlius indirectly supported from the cranium, a bone, the symjilectic (known only in fishes) helping out the suspensor, while another bone, the interhyal, connects tliis with the hyoid, which itself divides into two, so that the hyoid arch, like a gill arch, consists of four Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hertwig, Richard, 1850-1937; Kingsley, J. S. (John Sterling), 1854-1929. New York, H. Holt and Company
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1902
