. The elements of materia medica and therapeutics (Volume 2) . two or three-lobed at the point, dis-tinct. Caryopsis smooth (?), loose (?) [Kunth). char.—Panicle effuse. Flowers triandrous. Glumes obscurely one-nerved, with very long hairs on the back [Kuntli). The stem is solid, from six to twelve feet flat. Panicle terminal, from one to three feetlong, of gray colour, from the long soft hair that sur-rounds the flower. Palea? rose-coloured. Four varie-ties of the sugar cane are commune, with a yellow stem. /3 purpureum, with a yellow stem, yielding a richer g
. The elements of materia medica and therapeutics (Volume 2) . two or three-lobed at the point, dis-tinct. Caryopsis smooth (?), loose (?) [Kunth). char.—Panicle effuse. Flowers triandrous. Glumes obscurely one-nerved, with very long hairs on the back [Kuntli). The stem is solid, from six to twelve feet flat. Panicle terminal, from one to three feetlong, of gray colour, from the long soft hair that sur-rounds the flower. Palea? rose-coloured. Four varie-ties of the sugar cane are commune, with a yellow stem. /3 purpureum, with a yellow stem, yielding a richer giganteum, with a very large light-coloured ;T tahitense, from Otaheite, said to make the finest sugar. (Porters Nat. and Prop, of the Sugar Cane, p. 28, 1830.) Hab—It is cultivated in both Indies. Its native coun-try is uncertain. Manufacture of Sugar—The canes, when ripe,are cut close to the ground, stripped of leaves, andcarried in bundles to the mill-house, where they aretwice subjected to pressure between iron rollers, placed Sp. Fig. Saccharum officinarum. Mt 1 References to passages in other ancient authors will be found in the notes to Valnys edit of Plinvs Hist?at. vol. iv. 2193. See also Moseleys Treatise on Sugar. Lond. 1799. THE SUGAR CANE. 61 cither vertically or horizontally. The cane-juice thus procured is an opaque li-quid, of an olive-green colour, saccharine taste, and balsamic odour. Its specificgravity is 1-033 to 1-106. It consists of water, sugar, gum, green fecula, ex-tractive, gluten, acetic and malic acids, acetates of lime and potash, supermalateand sulphate of lime, and lignin in the form of fragments of the cellular andfibrous tissues of the canes. From the mill the juice is conveyed to a copper cauldron, called the clarifier,where it is mixed with lime, and heated. The clear liquor is then drawn off andput into a copper boiler, where it is evaporated and skimmed. It is then conveyedthrough a series of boilers, the last of which is
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