Heat engineering; a text book of applied thermodynamics for engineers and students in technical schools . Fig. 60.—Rotary air drill. Fig. 61.—Sullivan air preheater. surface in the intercooler is fixed by the principles of ChapterIII, and will be discussed later in connection with a definitedesign. LOSSES IN TRANSMISSION The various losses discussed are shown in Fig. 62. abed = unavoidable loss due to two staging. This may be eliminated if a two-stage engine is = loss due to leakage in = loss due to change of line. AIR COMPRESSORS hfji = loss due to = loss
Heat engineering; a text book of applied thermodynamics for engineers and students in technical schools . Fig. 60.—Rotary air drill. Fig. 61.—Sullivan air preheater. surface in the intercooler is fixed by the principles of ChapterIII, and will be discussed later in connection with a definitedesign. LOSSES IN TRANSMISSION The various losses discussed are shown in Fig. 62. abed = unavoidable loss due to two staging. This may be eliminated if a two-stage engine is = loss due to leakage in = loss due to change of line. AIR COMPRESSORS hfji = loss due to = loss due to leakage in — mnql = loss due to throttling. mrst = loss due to high back pressure. 153. Fig. 62.—Diagram showing various losses in air transmission. LOGARITHMIC DIAGRAMS Before solving problems it will be well to consider the con-struction of polytropics on logarithmic coordinates. If a curveof the form pVn = const, be plotted on the coordinates log p andlog V it is found that the equation above takes the form log p + n log V = const. This is of the form x + ny = const., or the curve becomes astraight line and the value of n is the slope of the curve since dxdy — n If the coordinates of p and V of a curve are plotted logarithmic-ally with logarithmic coordinates and the points lie in a straightline, as in Fig. 63, the curve must be of the form pVn = const,and the slope of the line is the value of n. The value of n inthe figure is to be n = In this figure the value of the logarithm extends from 0 to 1and the numbers from 1 to 10, but the figure is constructed 154 HEAT ENGINEERING beyond that limit since the same variation in logarithm changesthe numbers from 10 to
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