Stuttering and lisping . strongly contracted muscles,whereby they were indistinct. He thus had allthree kinds of lisping: organic, negligent, and neu-rotic (Chapter TV). Lisping from Hare Lip or from Feeble LipsThe former requires the surgeon. The latter may,in some cases, be aided by massage, electricity, and lip ORGANIC LISPING 163 gymnastics. The lip gymnastics include specially pressing them tightly together, holding them tightly while the breath is pressed against them, pouting, puckering, etc. If the lips are weak on account of muscular dystrophy, all such treatment must be avoided. Lisp
Stuttering and lisping . strongly contracted muscles,whereby they were indistinct. He thus had allthree kinds of lisping: organic, negligent, and neu-rotic (Chapter TV). Lisping from Hare Lip or from Feeble LipsThe former requires the surgeon. The latter may,in some cases, be aided by massage, electricity, and lip ORGANIC LISPING 163 gymnastics. The lip gymnastics include specially pressing them tightly together, holding them tightly while the breath is pressed against them, pouting, puckering, etc. If the lips are weak on account of muscular dystrophy, all such treatment must be avoided. Lisping from Tongue Defects When the tongue is toothick, too small, tooclumsy, or injured, theresulting inaccuracies maybe mitigated by carefulgymnastics (p. 160) andtraining by means of mir-ror, palatograms (p. 114),etc. Hemiatrophy of the tongue (Fig. 97) shows itselfin smallness of one side of the tongue, in grooves inthe surface and in fibrillary twitchings. The speechis usually correct, but not always so. The speech of. Fig. 97. — Hemiatrophy of thetongue. Degeneration of the nervecenters had caused one sideof the tongue to becomemuchsmaller and weaker. Thiscaused the patient to lisping had producedsuch a condition of embar-rassment and fear that shewas considered back-ward, although really per-fectly normal mentally. 164 STUTTERING AND LISPING one girl of fifteen was so indistinct that she couldnot get along in school and was considered mentallydull. The correction and scolding at school and bythe mother had produced intense depression. Thecause was a hitherto unobserved hemiatrophy ofthe tongue which made it difficult to use the tongueproperly (organic lisping); this had so confused herthat she made all sounds indistinctly (negligentlisping). A stuttering boy of eight years was found to haveimperfect enunciation, due to confused habits ofenunciation arising from weakness of one side ofthe tongue. The physical defect had thus producedorganic lisping, which had in t
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