Organic and functional nervous diseases; a text-book of neurology . erformed. Thus corticalmovements may be started by electrical applications through needlesto the cortex, and in surgical operations for Jacksonian epilepsy it iswell to explore the cortex with a faradic current, to elicit movementsuntil those are produced which exactly resemble the spasm of the dis-ease, and then to extirpate the area whose exact function is thus estab-lished. The localized spasms of cortical disease are rarely, if ever,successfully imitated either by malingerers or by hysterics. A hemi-spasm sometimes occurs
Organic and functional nervous diseases; a text-book of neurology . erformed. Thus corticalmovements may be started by electrical applications through needlesto the cortex, and in surgical operations for Jacksonian epilepsy it iswell to explore the cortex with a faradic current, to elicit movementsuntil those are produced which exactly resemble the spasm of the dis-ease, and then to extirpate the area whose exact function is thus estab-lished. The localized spasms of cortical disease are rarely, if ever,successfully imitated either by malingerers or by hysterics. A hemi-spasm sometimes occurs in hysteria, but it usually begins in both limbsat once, and if it extends from one limb to the other, or if it extendsalong a single limb, it rarely preserves the exact order of extension souniformly observed in local lesions. Hence it is not difficult to distin-guish cortical epilepsy from hysterical attacks of a convulsive convulsions do not induce a loss of convulsions may extend from one part to another until Fig. Situation of focus of hemorrhagic encephalitis, causing paralysis of the tongue and lips. (Dana.) the entire side is in a state of spasm. They may then extend to theother side of the body, setting up general convulsions, which may beaccompanied by loss of consciousness. Whether, in such cases, theirritation is conveyed to a convulsive centre in the pons Varolii or tothe motor cortex of the opposite hemisphere by way of the commissuralfibres is not yet determined. Irritation in the cortex does not necessarily lead to Jacksonian attack-may be exclusively sensory, leading to hallu-cinations, or when in the speech areas, leading to temporary attacks ofaphasia, or to mental states of disturbance of consciousness, or of thewill, or of the memory. But any of these forms of attack may go onto a localized spasm, and a localized spasm may in its turn producesubsequently one of these peculiar states. They will be
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