. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 134 N. E. CHADWICK-FURMAN AND I. L. WEISSMAN. Figure 1. ( of the ascidian Btitryllux xchloxxcri that were grown under three oi allogeneic contact conditions in Monterey Bay. California. Scale .bar-. 5 mm. (A) An isolated colony at 49 days old, consisting of 70 clonal units, teimed zooids, that are arranged into six circular groups (systems) of 10-14 zooids each. The zooids are embedded in a clear gelatinous tunic and connected by a closed circulatory system. Materials and Methods Under field conditions, indivi
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 134 N. E. CHADWICK-FURMAN AND I. L. WEISSMAN. Figure 1. ( of the ascidian Btitryllux xchloxxcri that were grown under three oi allogeneic contact conditions in Monterey Bay. California. Scale .bar-. 5 mm. (A) An isolated colony at 49 days old, consisting of 70 clonal units, teimed zooids, that are arranged into six circular groups (systems) of 10-14 zooids each. The zooids are embedded in a clear gelatinous tunic and connected by a closed circulatory system. Materials and Methods Under field conditions, individuals of the cosmopolitan ascidian Botiyllits schlosseri pallas form compact, disc- shaped colonies (Fig. la), which occur in protected shallow marine environments, such as bays, harbors, and marinas, in temperate areas of both the northern and southern hemi- spheres (Chadwick-Furman and Weissman, 1995b, and ref- erences therein). Our experimental studies were conducted in the Monterey Municipal Marina, Monterey Country, Cal- ifornia (36°'N;121°54'W), where colonies of B. schlos- seri are a dominant component of the fouling community on hard submerged surfaces (Chadwick-Furman and Weiss- man, 1995b). We observed colonies of B. schlosseri on submerged columns and docks in the Monterey Marina at depths from the surface to 1 m and determined the frequencies of natural contacts between these colonies and other encrusting macroorganisms. This survey was conducted during No- vember 1990, in the season of low abundance of fouling organisms in the marina (Boyd et 1986; Carwile, 1989); thus our estimates represent minimal contact rates. Three hundred and nine colonies of B. schlosseri were observed in the marina for determination of their contact status. To test the effects of allogeneic contact on life-history traits in B. schlosseri, we set up three treatments using each of four cohorts of newly settled offspring from field-col- lected colonies. The four cohorts settled on
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
