. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. Fig. 3C.—Stone spalls for axes, Clarence River, New South Wales. glomerate, slate, basalt, and trachyte. Such axes, when helved, are used by the natives in ascending and for felling trees, cutting firewood, in war and the chase, and for cutting themselves to embellish their bodies with cicatrized wounds. In many countries are to be found famous localities yielding stones for axes. In Nan-hin-fu, in the province of Kwantong, in Southern Chin
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. Fig. 3C.—Stone spalls for axes, Clarence River, New South Wales. glomerate, slate, basalt, and trachyte. Such axes, when helved, are used by the natives in ascending and for felling trees, cutting firewood, in war and the chase, and for cutting themselves to embellish their bodies with cicatrized wounds. In many countries are to be found famous localities yielding stones for axes. In Nan-hin-fu, in the province of Kwantong, in Southern China,09 they find in the mountains a heavy stone, which furnishes materials for cutting-tools for the region around. Obsidian is used in Mexico, Khainschatka,70 and elsewhere. The stone axes and adzes of the Philadelphia Exhibition may be con- sidered together. The difference in the tools is in the relation of the cutting edge to the handle. In the axe the line of the edge is in the plane of the handle. In the adze the edge is across the plane of its sweep. The examples afforded us may bo classed in two divisions: first, stone and shell; second, metal. The subdivision which will be most useful will be as to the four methods of mounting the axe-head in or on Hie handle: and we have instances of each in the stone axes, and of three out of the four in the metallic axes, and this without going outside of the crude implements shown in Philadelphia. The four modes of mounting or helving an axe are: 1. By winding a withe around it. 2. By lashing it to a seat on the handle. 3. By passing the tang through a hole in the handle. 4. By passing the helve through a hole in the head. «Grosier, uDe la Chine," Paris, 1818, i, 191. 7nEriuan, "Iieise," iii, Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original S
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