A history of the United States . llas to the North or was here, at ManassasJunction, that the Confed-erate force was concen-trated under Gen. P. G. ^ The Unionarmy, under General Mc-Dowell, on July 21, crossed Bull Run, a small stream nearManassas, and advanced to an attack. At the beginning ofthe battle, McDowell had some success; but, in the after-noon, the Union army, made up chiefly of raw recruits, wasthrown into a panic, owing to a reenforcement of the Con- 1 Bom in Louisiana, 1818; died, 1893. Graduated at West Point, 1838;United States Engineer till 1861; resigned
A history of the United States . llas to the North or was here, at ManassasJunction, that the Confed-erate force was concen-trated under Gen. P. G. ^ The Unionarmy, under General Mc-Dowell, on July 21, crossed Bull Run, a small stream nearManassas, and advanced to an attack. At the beginning ofthe battle, McDowell had some success; but, in the after-noon, the Union army, made up chiefly of raw recruits, wasthrown into a panic, owing to a reenforcement of the Con- 1 Bom in Louisiana, 1818; died, 1893. Graduated at West Point, 1838;United States Engineer till 1861; resigned and entered the army of the Con-federate States; opened fire on Ft. Sumter, April 12, 1861; was in commandat Bull Run, July 21, 1861; succeeded Gen. A. S. Johnston atShiloh; defendedCharleston from September, 1862, to April, 1864; was transferred to Lee atPetersburg, May, 1864; tried, in September, 1864, to arrest the march of Sher-man; surrendered with Johnston, April, 1865; was later connected with theLouisiana State General Beauregard. § 469] MILITARY MOVEMENTS OF 1861. 367 federates, and fled in great disorder towards eighteen thousand men were engaged on each Confederates lost about two thousand, while the lossof the Unionists was nearly three thousand.^ Both armieswere temporarily disorganized by the battle. On the followingday, McClellan was called from West Virginia and put in com-mand of all the forces from the mountains to the sea. InNovember, General Scott was compelled by age to give up hispost, and McClellan succeeded him as general in chief of allthe Union forces. Neither army was yet in condition to makean advance. 468. Balls Bluff. — The Confederates, however, strengthenedtheir line in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, and in October aUnion force of about two thousand men was defeated atBalls Bluff, and its commander, the brilliant Colonel Baker ofOregon, was killed. Before the end of the season the-Unionarmy was increased by
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