. Principles and practice of plumbing . ove where the heat is applied is heated by conduction,expands in bulk, consequently becomeslighter. It is then displaced by thecooler and denser water surroundingit, which in turn becomes heated andis displaced by the surrounding water;thus establishing local circulation ofthe water inside of the vessel. If in place of a vessel of water a U-shaped tube, Fig. 121, be used and the ends of the loop connected at the top, as shown in the illustration, the water will rise in the leg of the tube to which the heat is applied, and will descend in the other leg to
. Principles and practice of plumbing . ove where the heat is applied is heated by conduction,expands in bulk, consequently becomeslighter. It is then displaced by thecooler and denser water surroundingit, which in turn becomes heated andis displaced by the surrounding water;thus establishing local circulation ofthe water inside of the vessel. If in place of a vessel of water a U-shaped tube, Fig. 121, be used and the ends of the loop connected at the top, as shown in the illustration, the water will rise in the leg of the tube to which the heat is applied, and will descend in the other leg to replace the ascending column of water. This establishes a continuous movement of the entire volume of water in the tubes in the direction of the arrows. This movement is known as circulation in a circuit. That is what occurs when water in a storage tank or range boiler is heated from a waterback or water heater. The velocity of circulation in a circuit depends upon the temperature to which the water is heated and the height 0- »i»i/. Fig. 121Circulation of Watei Digitized by Microsoft® Principles and Practice of Plumbing 253 of the circuit. Thus with a hot fire and a high loop thevelocity of flow would be much greater than with the sameloop and a slow fire or with a hot fire and a low loop. Thechief cause retarding circulation is friction, therefore shortradius bends, contracted waterways, small pipes and un-reamed pipe ends should be avoided when installing hotwater supply systems. Mixing Waters of Different Temperatures.—Theresulting temperature when two or more quantities of waterof different temperatures are mixed, can be found by divid-ing the total number of heat units by the weight of of reducing the water to pounds weight, however,the method can be shortened as shown by the followingexample and solution. Example—What will be the temperature resulting from mixing 30 gallonsof water at 50 degrees Fahrenheit, with 15 gallons of water at 180 degreestem
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