. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . Fig. 14. Anther Wall in crosssection showing the outerepidermis and the endothe-cium with reticulated walls.(Sachs.) Fig. 15. Pollen Grains, i, 2 heath; 3, 4 linden;5 blueberry; 6, 7 marjoram; 8, g lavender; 10,II sage; 12, 13 balm; 14, 15 rosemar); 16, 17flax; 18 white mullein; 19, 2omelilot; 21 willowherb; 22, 23 composite plants. (Villiers andCollin.) or epidermis, sometimes hairy, and an endothecium or inner layer of char-acteristic cells with narrow radial ribs form
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . Fig. 14. Anther Wall in crosssection showing the outerepidermis and the endothe-cium with reticulated walls.(Sachs.) Fig. 15. Pollen Grains, i, 2 heath; 3, 4 linden;5 blueberry; 6, 7 marjoram; 8, g lavender; 10,II sage; 12, 13 balm; 14, 15 rosemar); 16, 17flax; 18 white mullein; 19, 2omelilot; 21 willowherb; 22, 23 composite plants. (Villiers andCollin.) or epidermis, sometimes hairy, and an endothecium or inner layer of char-acteristic cells with narrow radial ribs forming reticulations. 32 PRELIMINARY. Pollen Grains (Fig. 15) arc mostly globular, rounded, or tetrahedral,either smooth or else covered with warts, bristles, or pits. They consistof single cells clothed with two membranes; the outer thick, forming akind of cuticle; the inner thin, forming the cell-wall proper. The con-tents consist of protoplasm, often with granules in suspension. Whenthe ripe pollen is deposited on the stigma the protoplasmic contents burst. Fig. 16. Pollen Grains and Crystals of Cane-sugar irom Honey, a pollen grains of furze;b of heath; c of some composite flower. (Hassall.) out through clefts, or more commonly through pores, forming tubes whiclipenetrate through the tissues of the stigma and style into the ovule, efTect-ing fertilization. The shape, size, and markings of pollen grains areoften so characteristic as to permit the identification of the species, notonly in powders, but also in honey, lluis furnishing evidence as to theflowers visited by the bee (Fig. 16). The Pistil (Fig. 19) consists of stigma, style, and ovar}, the latterenclosing the ovules. The stigma is clothed with clammy paj)ilhe, onwhich the pollen grains lodge. The style is long or short, with a central MORPHOLOGY OF ORGANS. 33 channel. It is made up of elongated elements. The ovary walls areof quite simple structure, but the fruits into which they ripen are oftencomplex. THE FRUIT (PERI
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