. Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. nd India, for makingthe j>ans of small scales, dial-jilates, and a varietyof other articles requiring nicety of make, such aa 183 PACKHORSE—PADANG. graduated scales for philosophical instruments. Itis wrobably never imported now, the nickel alloysof ^Europe having quite superseded its use; inChina, however, it is still extensively employed. PACKHORSE, a horse employed in the carriageof goods, which are either fastened on its back inbundles, or, if weighty, are placed in panniers, slung_one on each side across the
. Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. nd India, for makingthe j>ans of small scales, dial-jilates, and a varietyof other articles requiring nicety of make, such aa 183 PACKHORSE—PADANG. graduated scales for philosophical instruments. Itis wrobably never imported now, the nickel alloysof ^Europe having quite superseded its use; inChina, however, it is still extensively employed. PACKHORSE, a horse employed in the carriageof goods, which are either fastened on its back inbundles, or, if weighty, are placed in panniers, slung_one on each side across the horses back. Thesaddle to -which the bundles were fastened consistedof two pieces of wood, curved so as to tit the horsesback, and joined together at the ends by other twostraight pieces. This frame was well padded under-neatli, to prevent injury to the horses back, andwas firmly fastened by a girth. To each side of thesaddle, a strong hook was attached, for the purposeof carrying packages, panniers, &c. Panniers weresometimes simply slung across the horses back with. Packhorse and Panniers. a pad under the band. The panniers were wickerbaskets, and of various shapes, according to thenature of their usual contents, being sometimes longand narrow, but most generally having a length ofthree feet or ujjwards, a depth of about two-thirdsof the length, and a width of from one to two feet(see fig.). The packhorse with panniers was at onetime in general use for carrying merchandise, andfor those agricultural operations for which the horseand cart are now employed ; and in the mountainousregions of Spain and Austria, and in other partsof the world, it still forms the sole medium fortransport ; though the mule has, especially inEurope, been substituted for the horse. An army requires to be accompanied by severalthousand pack-animals, sometimes horses, but pre-ferably mules ; and in Asia, commonly camels, oreven elephants. Pack-saddles are variously fitted,according to the objects to
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