China: Empress Ma (1378-1402), consort of the 2nd Ming Emperor Jianwen (r. 1398-1402). Empress Ma (1378-1402), formally known as Empress Xiaominrang, was the Empress Consort of the 2nd Ming Emperor Jianwen (r. 1398-1402). The daughter of a town official, she married the Hongwu Emperor's grandson, Zhu Yunwen, and became Crown Princess in 1395. She died in 1402 when Zhu Di, the future Yongle Emperor, set fire to the palace.

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