The Chronicles of America series . be evolved in both places. When we findstriking similarities of other kinds, however, thecase becomes quite different. The constellationsof the zodiac, for instance, are typified by twelveliving creatures, such as the twins, the bull, thelion, the virgin, the crab, and the goat. Only oneof the constellations, the scorpion, presents anyreal resemblance to the animal for which it isnamed. Yet the signs of the zodiac in Medi-terranean lands and in pre-Columbian Americafrom Peru to southern Mexico are almost is a list showing the Latin and English
The Chronicles of America series . be evolved in both places. When we findstriking similarities of other kinds, however, thecase becomes quite different. The constellationsof the zodiac, for instance, are typified by twelveliving creatures, such as the twins, the bull, thelion, the virgin, the crab, and the goat. Only oneof the constellations, the scorpion, presents anyreal resemblance to the animal for which it isnamed. Yet the signs of the zodiac in Medi-terranean lands and in pre-Columbian Americafrom Peru to southern Mexico are almost is a list showing the Latin and English namesof the constellations and their equivalents in thecalendars of the Peruvians, Mexicans, and Mayas. ^ See S. Hagar, The Bearing of Astronomy on the Problems of theUnity or Plurality and the Probable Place of Origin of the AmericanAborigines, in American Anthropologist, vol. xiv (1912), pp. 43-48. RESTORATION OF THE INNER WING OF THE PALACE ATPALENQUE, MEXICO Wood engraving in Ancient Cities of the New World, by Desire THE APPROACHES TO AMERICA 33 Sign English Peruvian Mexican Maya Aries Ram Llama Flayer Taurus Bull (originallyStag) Stag Stag or Deer Stag Gemini Twins Man andWoman Twins Two Generals Cancer Crab Cuttlefish CuttleBsh Cuttlefish Leo Lion Puma Ocelot Ocelot Virgo Virgin (MotherGoddess ofCereals) MaizeMother Maize Mother Maize Mother Libra Scales (originallypart of Scorpio) Forks Scorpion Scorpion Scorpio Scorpion Mummy Scorpion Scorpion Sagit- Bowman Arrows or Hunter and Hunter and tarius Spears War God War God Capri- Sea Goat Beard Bearded God cornus Aquarius Water Pourer Water Water Water Pisces Fishes(andKnot) Knot Twisted Reeds Notice how closely these lists are alike. The ramdoes not appear in America because no such animalwas known there. The nearest substitute was thellama. In the Old World the second constellationis now called the bull, but curiously enough inearlier days it was called the stag in twins, instead of being Castor
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