. Bergens Museums skrifter. Science. 332 Brief Survey of tlie Afflnities and History of the Cyprian Flora. the last Glacial epoch, it seems as if the veg-etatioii of the Mediterranean countries has. in comparison to this, during the same space of time been highly stationary. Through Hnds of fossils we know that near relatives, now extinct, of several Oriental plants in the Tertiary epoch occurred in tracts connecting their present widely separated areas of distribution. Thus Liquidambar curopcmim A. Br., which was a near relative of L. sti/raciflua, was distributed from North- America and Gree
. Bergens Museums skrifter. Science. 332 Brief Survey of tlie Afflnities and History of the Cyprian Flora. the last Glacial epoch, it seems as if the veg-etatioii of the Mediterranean countries has. in comparison to this, during the same space of time been highly stationary. Through Hnds of fossils we know that near relatives, now extinct, of several Oriental plants in the Tertiary epoch occurred in tracts connecting their present widely separated areas of distribution. Thus Liquidambar curopcmim A. Br., which was a near relative of L. sti/raciflua, was distributed from North- America and Greenland to Central- and Southern Europe. AbeUcea Ungeri (Ettingsh.) was in the latter part of the Tertiary epoch widely distributed from South-France and Greece to Greenland, Spitzbergen, Siberia, Japan and Alaska. PJatanus marginata (Lesq.) Heer had in the middle and latter periods of the Tertiary epoch a distribution in North-America, Greenland, Europe, and northern Asia. Tertiary leaf-fossils belonging to the genus Bhus (and within this genus to the same group as B. Coriaria) are known from North-America as well as from Central-Europe. Even from the earlier parts of the Quarternary period sure tinds of fossils are known, proving that some typical Mediterranean plants have at that time had a more continuous distribution than they have at pre- sent. Thus Bhododendron ponticum, which does not to-day occur in wild state between Southern Spain and the countries east of the Black Sea, is in a fossil state found in old Quar- ternary deposits at Hiittingen in Tyrol (Wettstein) ') and on the little isle of Skyros in the Aegean Sea (Gunnar Andersson)-). The main cause of the fact that so many plants of the Mediterranean countries have at the present time such a scattered distribution, must be sought in the geographical as well as the climatological development which this region has undergone in the course of the Tertiary and Quarternary periods. As is well known, the Terti
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