. Ants; their structure, development and behavior. ergates ( Fig. $). In ant larva? that do not spincocoons, development and hatch-ing are, of course, considerablysimplified (Figs. 48 and such species the adult larvapasses at once to the semipupastage after discharging the me-conium. A worker receives theblack pellet in its mandibles, oreven pulls it out of the large in-testine and deposits it on the ref-use heap of the nest. The factthat the cocoon is constantly pres-ent in the most primitive antsand as constantly lacking in largegroups of highlv specializedforms, shows that it is an an
. Ants; their structure, development and behavior. ergates ( Fig. $). In ant larva? that do not spincocoons, development and hatch-ing are, of course, considerablysimplified (Figs. 48 and such species the adult larvapasses at once to the semipupastage after discharging the me-conium. A worker receives theblack pellet in its mandibles, oreven pulls it out of the large in-testine and deposits it on the ref-use heap of the nest. The factthat the cocoon is constantly pres-ent in the most primitive antsand as constantly lacking in largegroups of highlv specializedforms, shows that it is an ancientinheritance from solitary, wasp-like ancestors. Certain Campono-tine genera and subgenera ( Prc-nolcpis, QicophyUa, Playiolcpisand Colobopsis) always havenude pupse, and in certain speciesof Formica and Lasius the cocoonmay be present or absent in thebrood of the same colony or evenin the male and female (1896^) regards the suddenelimination of the envelope inthese species as a mutation, orsaltatory variation. I have seen. s 9 /Tfl—, --m FIG. 44. Anatomy of ant larva.(Perez.) b, Brain ; >i, ventral nervecord ; o, oesophagus ; p, proventriculus ;s, midgut (stomach) ; v, mass of sub-stance to be excreted; r, rectum; m,Malpighian vessel; g, spinning gland;d. duct of same opening on labium ;h, heart. the nude pupae of a Dolichoderineant (Iridomyrmex gciuitzi) in the Baltic amber (Lower Oligocene),so that the complete elimination of the cocoon, in this subfamily at THE DEVELOPMENT Ol: ANTS. 79 least, is not a very recent development. The shape and color ofthe cocoon differ considerably in different species. In Lepto</cnys,for example, it is very long and slender and of a dark-brown color,in Lasins and Formica it is a pale buff or whitish and broadly elliptical,in Ioucra pennsylvanica it is oblong and sulphur yellow.
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectants, bookyear1910
