. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 124 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE the Kola Inlet are on the whole more severe than those of the well-washed, comparatively shallow Motovsky Bay. The northern part of the Kola Inlet has depths down to 350 to 380 m, the middle part down to 200 m and the southern part has depths mostly less than 50 m. The precipitous rocky, granite shores (to 150 m) frequently lead under water into steep bottom slopes and the type of environment of submarine cliffs is very prominent indeed. Almost all the deep p
. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 124 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE the Kola Inlet are on the whole more severe than those of the well-washed, comparatively shallow Motovsky Bay. The northern part of the Kola Inlet has depths down to 350 to 380 m, the middle part down to 200 m and the southern part has depths mostly less than 50 m. The precipitous rocky, granite shores (to 150 m) frequently lead under water into steep bottom slopes and the type of environment of submarine cliffs is very prominent indeed. Almost all the deep parts of the bay are filled with ooze, sandy bottoms appear only in the southern and middle parts of it. Rocky floors strewn with large boulders are widely distributed over the whole inlet. Everywhere, especially in the north of the inlet, there are extensive beds of several species of calcareous algae or of the Lithothamnion genus (red algae group) which are found in individual patches. Branching Lithothamnion. Fig. 47. Murmansk Biological Station of the Petersburg Society of Naturalists (1914). grows only in places where there are rapid currents, on steep cliff slopes, on the cliff barriers at the mouth of the bay, and in narrow channels. The considerable north to south extent of the Kola Inlet, the inflow of two large rivers—Kola and Tuloma—into its southern part, and additionally the heating effect of the warm Atlantic waters (Ruppin branch) flowing along the Murman coast make the Kola waters heterogeneous both in their salinity and temperature. In summer the temperature in the northern part of the inlet is 5° to 13-5° on the surface, and at a depth of 300 m it is only 1-3° to 2-0°. The temperature falls rapidly from the surface to a depth of 50 to 100 m (down to the thermo- cline layer); at greater depths it changes but little. A homothermic state (0° to ?) is established by the end of the coldest season of the year. The 'hydrological summer' comes to the surface l
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