. Pompeii : its life and art . from east to west; its direction is indicated by Mt. Vulturenear Venosa, Mt. Epomeo on the island of Ischia, and thePonza Islands. At three places in the old sea basin the subterranean firesburst forth. Near the north shore rose the great volcano ofRocca Monfina, which added itself to the Volscian Mountains,and heaping the products of its eruptions upon Mons Massicus,— once an island, — formed with this the northern boundary ofthe plain. Toward the middle the numerous small vents of thePhlegraean Fields threw up the low heights, to which the north B I 2 POMPEII s
. Pompeii : its life and art . from east to west; its direction is indicated by Mt. Vulturenear Venosa, Mt. Epomeo on the island of Ischia, and thePonza Islands. At three places in the old sea basin the subterranean firesburst forth. Near the north shore rose the great volcano ofRocca Monfina, which added itself to the Volscian Mountains,and heaping the products of its eruptions upon Mons Massicus,— once an island, — formed with this the northern boundary ofthe plain. Toward the middle the numerous small vents of thePhlegraean Fields threw up the low heights, to which the north B I 2 POMPEII shore of the Bay of Naples — Posilipo, Baiae, Misenum — isindebted for its incomparable beauty of landscape. Finally,near the south shore, at the intersection of the fissures, themassive cone of Vesuvius rose, in complete -isolation — theonly volcano on the continent of Europe still remaining base on the southwest is washed by the sea, while on theother sides a stretch of level country separates it from the. Fig. i.— Map of Ancient Campania. mountains that hem in the plain. On the side opposite fromthe sea, however, Vesuvius comes so near to the mountainsthat we may well say that it divides the Campanian plain intotwo parts, of which the larger, on the northwest side, is drainedby the Volturno; the small southeast section is the plain of theSarno. The Sarno, like the Umbrian Clitumnus, has no upper the foot of Mt. Taburno, bounding the plain on the north- THE SITUATION OF POMPEII 3 east, are five copious springs that soon unite to form a 1843 the river has been drawn off for purposes of irri-gation into three channels, which are graded at different levels;the distribution of water thus assured makes this part of Cam-pania one of the most fertile districts in Italy. In antiquity theSarno must have been confined to a single channel; accordingto Strabo it was navigable for ships. In Roman times three cities shared in the possession of t
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