. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . g to their in-sertion ; the first and second depress the apex of thetongue by raising the urohyal, the third raises the tongueand draws it to one side when it acts singly (Owen). 23. The genio-liyoideus is the largest and mostpowerful muscle of the group we are now examining(Figs. 5 and 7, and others). It arises from an extensivearea (two in some birds) on the inner side of the mandiblenearly as far forward as the horny part. The fibresunite to form a broad band, transversely compressed,w
. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . g to their in-sertion ; the first and second depress the apex of thetongue by raising the urohyal, the third raises the tongueand draws it to one side when it acts singly (Owen). 23. The genio-liyoideus is the largest and mostpowerful muscle of the group we are now examining(Figs. 5 and 7, and others). It arises from an extensivearea (two in some birds) on the inner side of the mandiblenearly as far forward as the horny part. The fibresunite to form a broad band, transversely compressed,which passes downwards and backwards until it meetsthe outer side of the corresponding thyro-hyal, about itsmiddle ; this it envelops, by a spiral turn and a half, toits very extremity. It is quite evident that the contraction of this pair ofmuscles will have the effect of protruding the tonguefrom the mouth. 24. The cerato-liyoideus (Figs. 7 and 9).—I find themuscle so named by Owen to have a somewhat differ-ent insertion than that eminent anatomist gives it for fee 3 s J oj o .2 §« M - § J g ;SD. THE MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE. 29 the class, generally. Of it, he says that it passes fromthe thyrohyal to the urohyal, and is therefore sub-servient to the lateral movements of the tongue (, vol. ii. p. 154). This duty it also performs inthe Raven, where we find it arising on the under side ofthe shaft of the epibranchial element of the thyro-hyalby a delicate tendinous slip. This soon becomes muscularas it passes forwards, forming a long slender belly, whichis closely applied to the hyoid. Opposite the firstbasibranchial it is again a long tendinous slip, and thusremains until it is finally inserted into a little bonyelevation on the under side of the anterior end of thecorresponding cerato-hyal. Owing to the free lateral movements enjoyed by thejoint at the anterior end of the first basibranchial, it isquite clear that either of these muscles acting singlymust pull the
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookcollection, bookdecade1890, booksubjectmuscl
