. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. keenness of psychological finesse. This bust denotes common traits which identify it as a Lavy creation, but it seems that a tired hand could no longer inspire with life the conventional lines of an official portrait. One can speculate that this lack of insight may be attributed to a weariness from the excessive amoimt of work which he had been forced to master during those years—when, overcrowded with commissions, he could have lost spontaneity and adopted instead the more convenient forms of routine—or perhaps to a deeper cause of personal
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. keenness of psychological finesse. This bust denotes common traits which identify it as a Lavy creation, but it seems that a tired hand could no longer inspire with life the conventional lines of an official portrait. One can speculate that this lack of insight may be attributed to a weariness from the excessive amoimt of work which he had been forced to master during those years—when, overcrowded with commissions, he could have lost spontaneity and adopted instead the more convenient forms of routine—or perhaps to a deeper cause of personal discontent with his em- ployers, but this is only surmise. With Amedeo Lavy's departure, the Turin mint was deprived of the crea- tions of a master, and the products of the mint plunged for decades into a discouraging mediocrity. Lavy's successor at the Turin mint was Giuseppe Ferraris, but we will discuss his work later, since his ac- tivity developed chiefly after 1861, during the reign of Victor Emmanuel II. MILAN, VENICE, AND GENOA The first half of the 19th century was a stormy period for lioth Milan and Venice, already imited by a common destiny. Governed by an Austrian arch- duke, each city was part of the Austrian Empire. Later, chiring Napoleon's regime, they exchanged -Austrian domination for rule by the French. Then in 1815 the Congress of \ienna restored to .Xustria the Lombardo-Wnctian Kingdom from the debris of Napoleon's Itali:in possessions. Almost fifty years would j)ass before Lombardy and then Venice would join the other Italian provinces in forming the King- dom of Italy. During the long Austrian and the French regimes, however, the mints of Milan and Wnice continued to function. Artists like Luigi Manfredini, Guiseppe Salvirch, and Gerolamo \'assallo worked in these tormented years, celebrating the glory of the Austrians as well as of the French. Despite foreign domination, the coinage these artists created often reflects the eternal aspirations for fr
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