. A history of the United States. kind ofliberty and equality which the Americans already therefore appealed strongly to their sympathies. Butwhen it led to a terrible war, in which France was arrayedagainst England and Europe, American sympathies weredivided. This was especially true after the French as wellas the EngUsh began to interfere with American trade. Spinning and Weaving. — The first change made in Eng-land was in the method of preparing cotton or woolen yarnand of weaving it into cloth. The story is told that JamesHargreaves, an Enghsh weaver, entered his house one dayso
. A history of the United States. kind ofliberty and equality which the Americans already therefore appealed strongly to their sympathies. Butwhen it led to a terrible war, in which France was arrayedagainst England and Europe, American sympathies weredivided. This was especially true after the French as wellas the EngUsh began to interfere with American trade. Spinning and Weaving. — The first change made in Eng-land was in the method of preparing cotton or woolen yarnand of weaving it into cloth. The story is told that JamesHargreaves, an Enghsh weaver, entered his house one dayso suddenly that his wife, startled, upset her noticed that the wheel kept on turning as it layon the floor, and he wondered why he could not construct awheel in such a manner that it would turn several spindlesand spin several threads at once. He succeeded in makinga machine which could spin eight threads, and named it aspinning jenny in honor of his wife. This was in 1764. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 251. Hargreavess Spinning Jenny Hargreaves did not keep his secret long, and soon othermachines were made, spinning 20 and 30 threads. The mostsuccessful maker of spinning machines was Richard Ark-wright, who after 1769 made and sold great numbers of good points of both kinds of machines were soon com-bined in a mule spinner,which was in common useby the close of the Revolu-tionary War. Before these spinningmachines were invented,weavers often were unableto obtain yarn enough tosupply their looms. Nowyarn was spun much fasterthan it was needed. The balance was restored by the power-loom, another greatinvention. A clergyman, Edmund Cartwright, invented amachine, which was run by power, for weaving the yarn intocloth. This soon began to displace the hand-looms. Thepower was furnished at first by horses or water-wheels. The Steam-Engine. — About the same time James Wattinvented the steam-engine. Men had dreamed for ages ofusing the steam which esca
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