. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. dea ofw^hat a two-year-old tree ought to be like afterhaving received its second pruning. Notice thearrangement of the limbs. All crotches havebeen avoided; from the ground to the lowestbranches is twelve inches, and the entire height ofthe tree thirty inches. Contrast this little stockytree with the weaklings of the sameage one commonly meets in orchardsto-day, with thin, misshapen trunkthree or four feet high, surmountedby two or three long spindlingbranches, the whole innocent ofknife an
. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. dea ofw^hat a two-year-old tree ought to be like afterhaving received its second pruning. Notice thearrangement of the limbs. All crotches havebeen avoided; from the ground to the lowestbranches is twelve inches, and the entire height ofthe tree thirty inches. Contrast this little stockytree with the weaklings of the sameage one commonly meets in orchardsto-day, with thin, misshapen trunkthree or four feet high, surmountedby two or three long spindlingbranches, the whole innocent ofknife and shears. No wonder ourtrees break down; they have notstrength to carry a heavy crop offruit! After having selected the desirednumber of limbs intended to formthe frame of the tree, shorten theseback to wdthin a foot of the trunk,alw^ays cutting to a plump promi-nent bud. The tree may be spread,or it may be contracted, by cuttingto a bud which i^oints outward, forthe former, and to a bud that inclines inwardfor the latter. You need not hope to alter thecharacter of the tree by this cutting to a bud,. 144. Pruned the second time. STARTING THE HEAD LOW 219 yet a little may be done to improve its a rule the weaker the growth the harder itought to be cut back; this will encourage an in-creased wood growth the following treated in this way make a growth that isoften very perplexing to the amateur ; the resultof this shortening-in of all the limbs will be anincreased number of shoots to treat the follow-ing season. * * ^ The third pruning is conducted on the samelines as the second, with this difference: Selectthe limbs you wish to continue the upwardgrowth of the tree; these will usually be notmore than two on each of those left last year,observing the same care not to leave crotches,and shortening-in the growth made in that sea-son; but instead of taking off all of the insideshoots clean to the branch, they are left an inchor two long, and in the course of a s
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