. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PROZAC-INDUCED ZEBRA MUSSEL SPAWNING 147. 10" 10 [Paroxetine; M] 8 II' B 1 â Males D Females 1 14 21 5-HT 10 -^ Control M Figure 5. Dose-response experiments with paroxetine. June 1997. (A) Percent spawning of Dreissena polymorpha in different concentrations of paroxetine. Numbers of spawnable tested are adjacent to symbols. *: P < ; +: P < compared with negative controls. (B) Positive (5-HT) and negative (lake waterl controls for dose-response experiments. *: P < As to the actual mec
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PROZAC-INDUCED ZEBRA MUSSEL SPAWNING 147. 10" 10 [Paroxetine; M] 8 II' B 1 â Males D Females 1 14 21 5-HT 10 -^ Control M Figure 5. Dose-response experiments with paroxetine. June 1997. (A) Percent spawning of Dreissena polymorpha in different concentrations of paroxetine. Numbers of spawnable tested are adjacent to symbols. *: P < ; +: P < compared with negative controls. (B) Positive (5-HT) and negative (lake waterl controls for dose-response experiments. *: P < As to the actual mechanism of the .spawning induced in mussels by the three tested compounds in my study, two questions arise: (1) Are these compounds working as reuptake inhibitors or as ligands? and (2) How do these compounds gain entry into the animal? At this point, it is not known whether, in zebra mussels, fluoxetine, flu- voxamine, or paroxetine act as SSRIs or as ligands. Mol- luscan 5-HT reuptake mechanisms have been shown in snails (Osborne et ai. 1975) and in squids (Feldman and Dowdall, 1973). Furthermore, Spisula oocytes are known to have 5-HT receptors on their membranes, and 5-HT induces germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) (Hirai et 1988). However, application of either fluvoxamine (10 'M) or (10" and 10 "A/) to stripped Spisula oocytes did not induce GVBD, but 5-HT (10 - M) did (unpubl. data). Thus there is no evidence that these compounds act as 5-HT receptor ligands in this well- known bivalve system. In lobsters, Huber et al. (1997a) showed reuptake of 5-HT in thoracic nerve roots and blockage of reuptake by fluoxetine. In this system. 5- HT stimulates subordinate animals to engage in fighting against dominants by reducing their willingness to retreat (Huber et ai. 1997b). However, injection of fluoxetine alone has no effect on fighting behavior: in fact, concom- mitant administration of 5-HT and fluoxetine decreased 5-HT-induced agonistic behavior (Hub
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