. Australia's greatest need : with an introductory note by the Archbishop of Brisbane. w yielding theirlands with rather an ill grace. But letus never forget that much of the prosperityof Australia is due to these squatters . The development of Australia dependedupon a steady inflow of free settlers. Acrisis occurred during the governorship ofSir T. Brisbane. New South Wales washenceforth to be no longer a penal settle-ment ; and there was talk of abolishingtransportation altogether. It was to be acolony of free men, entrusted by degreeswith their own government, to whom con-victs should be se
. Australia's greatest need : with an introductory note by the Archbishop of Brisbane. w yielding theirlands with rather an ill grace. But letus never forget that much of the prosperityof Australia is due to these squatters . The development of Australia dependedupon a steady inflow of free settlers. Acrisis occurred during the governorship ofSir T. Brisbane. New South Wales washenceforth to be no longer a penal settle-ment ; and there was talk of abolishingtransportation altogether. It was to be acolony of free men, entrusted by degreeswith their own government, to whom con-victs should be sent out as in old times toVirginia, in order to provide the labournecessary in opening up new immigration was, therefore, to beencouraged. A Legislative Council wasappointed and the Governor could actagainst the Councils wishes, but must, ifhe did so, refer the case to England forfinal decision. A Supreme Court wasestablished, and trial by jury allowed incertain cases. Brisbane himself helped onthe movement towards self-governmentby annulling the censorship which pre-. ^ Il i V % 1 The coming of the People 75 vious Governors had exercised over thenewspaper press. These reforms contained the germ ofall future developments, and pointed theway to the national freedom of soon as the first step in self-govern-ment was taken, champions of greaterliberty were forthcoming, of whom themost prominent was Wentworth, one ofthe first three to climb the Blue Moun-tains. He took up the watchword no taxa-tion without representation, and the oldBritish fight, first for representative andthen for responsible government, beganagain, under new skies. The great hindrance in the way ofgranting freedom was the continuance ofthe convict system. A convict colonycould hardly be a free colony. Hence themovement against transportation gainedvolume. In 1837 a committee reportedto the House of Commons that the convictsystem did very little good to England andno good to Australia.
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