. Cyclopedia of farm crops. Farm produce; Agriculture. 504 PAPER PLANTS PAPER PLANTS tions in methods of handling and treating, most of the woods will make paper. Fig. 728 shows a pulp mill with its accompanying log pond. Of the standard paper-making plants, cotton, flax, hemp, straws and woods are the only ones produced commercially in the United States. Sugar-cane, corn-stalks, cotton- and tobacco-stalks are produced in large quantities, and vigorous efforts are being made to produce paper from them on a commercial scale. The best paper-making materials — those that make paper of the highest
. Cyclopedia of farm crops. Farm produce; Agriculture. 504 PAPER PLANTS PAPER PLANTS tions in methods of handling and treating, most of the woods will make paper. Fig. 728 shows a pulp mill with its accompanying log pond. Of the standard paper-making plants, cotton, flax, hemp, straws and woods are the only ones produced commercially in the United States. Sugar-cane, corn-stalks, cotton- and tobacco-stalks are produced in large quantities, and vigorous efforts are being made to produce paper from them on a commercial scale. The best paper-making materials — those that make paper of the highest quality and greatest value—are wastes, derived chiefly from the textile industries, which from their form or condition are of little value for any other purpose. Cotton, flax, hemp, jute and ramie fiber come to the paper-maker in the form of rags or as waste, and as old bagging, canvas, rope cordage and oakum. The coarse fiber from the end of jute stalks is cut off, baled and sold to the paper-maker as "jute ; Waste paper, new and old, is an important material, which is used in making all grades of paper. Wood, esparto and. Pulp mill and log pond. bamboo are the chief materials now used which are not the wastes of other industries. All plants are made up of certain definite chemi- cal constituents, among which are fats, tannins, lignin, pectose, coloring matters, sugar, starch and cellulose, and, when treated with certain chemicals, according to established methods, a more or less pure cellulose is obtained ; and it is on the amount, fibrous nature, softness and pliability of this cellu- lose that the paper-making value of the plant chiefly depends. Classification of materials. With regard to the quality and value of the paper produced, the chief materials may be classi- fied in four general groups: (1) Cellulose from cotton, flax, hemp and ramie; (2) cellulose from jute, manila and chemical wood ; (.3) cellulose from esparto and straws; (4) ground F
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