. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. cheap and simple apparatus. The Farnley sanitary closets comprise the Trinal,Universal, National, and Simjdex, each in one piece, with or without trap and improved London open water closets, combining in an elegant form a watercloset, slop sink, and urinal, well trapped above the floor line. Shanksspatent \<\Citizen water closet with hinged seat, &c. Shanks and patent system of combinedclosets and cisterns, where t
. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. cheap and simple apparatus. The Farnley sanitary closets comprise the Trinal,Universal, National, and Simjdex, each in one piece, with or without trap and improved London open water closets, combining in an elegant form a watercloset, slop sink, and urinal, well trapped above the floor line. Shanksspatent \<\Citizen water closet with hinged seat, &c. Shanks and patent system of combinedclosets and cisterns, where the closet is in one piece of enamelled stoneware, having avery large inlet horn made with the closet. On it is seated a single or double valvecistern, having a correspondingly large outlet valve, A\hich from its size gives a flushcompensating for the lack of the usual height, and washes out and replenishes the basinfully. Banners Holhorn combination water closet. All these require an inch-and-a-quarter pipe from the cistern, or two gallon syphon cistern or water-waste preventer, forflushing purposes. 688 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE. Book 2220^. Traps to water closet pans consist of the old-fashioned and now condemnedO trap {fig. 806tZ.), with its dip pipe near one side of it; the -q trap; and the (0 orsyphon trap. These two last are now generally used. Hellyermakes a patent cast lead V tlip trap, or anti-Q trap as itwas termed, of about 8 lb. sheet lead. It is as self-cleansingas all syphons, and leaves no corners for lodgment of has an air pipe on the top of the out-go portion ofthe trap, which may be a useful addition. 2220A. The traps themselves must be ventilated to preventsyphonage ; they may be unsealed by the momentum of (J. discharge passing through tiie trap itself, and by the pas- sage of a considerable quantity of water through a pipe with which the trap is passage of this water causes a momentary vacuum, by means of which the water
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