Text-book of medical and pharmaceutical chemistry . the removal of waterfrom fuming nitric acid by the action of phosphoric anhydride(P2O5). The oxide is unstable, and has a strong affinity forwater with which it forms nitric acid. It has no special use. 172 MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. 206. Nitric Acid—Aqua Fortis,—Acidum Nitricum,U. S. P. (HNO3), is tlie most important of the acids of does not occur free, but as nitrates widely disseminated. It isusually prepared, commercially, by the action of sulphuric acidupon potassium or sodium nitrate, in glass or cast iron retorts. NaNOg + H.,SO^ =
Text-book of medical and pharmaceutical chemistry . the removal of waterfrom fuming nitric acid by the action of phosphoric anhydride(P2O5). The oxide is unstable, and has a strong affinity forwater with which it forms nitric acid. It has no special use. 172 MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. 206. Nitric Acid—Aqua Fortis,—Acidum Nitricum,U. S. P. (HNO3), is tlie most important of the acids of does not occur free, but as nitrates widely disseminated. It isusually prepared, commercially, by the action of sulphuric acidupon potassium or sodium nitrate, in glass or cast iron retorts. NaNOg + H.,SO^ = HNaSO^ + HNO.,. The arrangement of the iron retorts (A) and the stonewarecondensers (B) are shown in section in Fig. 50. The sodiumnitrate and an equal weight of sulphuric acid is run in throughthe stoppered openings at the back. The iron is protected fromthe acid by a lining of fire clay. When heat is applied to theretort the nitric acid distils over and condenses in tlie stonewareWoulfe bottle B, which is kept cooled by cold water. Fig. It is also formed in small quantities by the passage of electricdischarges through a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Thistakes place in the air by the passage of flashes of lightning,probably by the oxidizing action of the ozone generated by thesephenomena. The nitrates are formed in the soil and naturalwaters by the oxidation of organic matter, called nitrification,and is induced by certain microscopic organisms called the nitri-fying ferment. In some localities the process is conducted arti-ficially. (See Potassium The commercial acid, prepared as above, contains sulphuricacid, traces of iron, the brown oxides and chlorine. It ispurified by redistillation with plumbic nitrate, which retains theimpurities and allows the pure acid to distil over. NITROGEN AND OXYGEN. 1/3 Properties.—The pure acid is a colorless, rather heavy,fuming liquid, having asp. gr. of , boiling at 86° C. (°F.), and solidifying at—40°
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