Manual of pathology : including bacteriology, the technic of postmortems, and methods of pathologic research . are comparatively infrequent. Primary defective development of the nerve-tracts has also been Schein, Budapest! Orv. Ujsag. 1904, No. 7: also Gyog^-aszat, 1904,No. 29. Voelcker. Miinch. med. Woch., Oct. 13, 1903, p. 1802. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 845 observed; this is of interest, in that it may lietonie the starting-pointof (iisease in later life. An anomalous condition of the si)inal cord, known as heterotopia, isoccasionallv observed; in this abnormality the ^^ray substance docs notbear
Manual of pathology : including bacteriology, the technic of postmortems, and methods of pathologic research . are comparatively infrequent. Primary defective development of the nerve-tracts has also been Schein, Budapest! Orv. Ujsag. 1904, No. 7: also Gyog^-aszat, 1904,No. 29. Voelcker. Miinch. med. Woch., Oct. 13, 1903, p. 1802. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 845 observed; this is of interest, in that it may lietonie the starting-pointof (iisease in later life. An anomalous condition of the si)inal cord, known as heterotopia, isoccasionallv observed; in this abnormality the ^^ray substance docs notbear its normal relation to the white matter, but is more or less scatteredthrough it. The malformations of the brain in general corres])onfl to those oc-curring in the cord; the causes, however, of the various defects are notso well understood. In addition to craniorrhachischisis, which has beendescribed, there is no doubt that many of the other cerebral malfor-mations owe their origin to permanent patency of the medullary groove;it is equallv clear that others result from fluids accumulating in the cranial. l-iG. 406.—Spina Buipa. eavitv of the embryo, and causing rupture of the bony walls. There aredoubtless also other causes that occasionally produce these conditions,the real nature of which, however, is largely a matter of conjecture. Cranioschisis is a condition produced by the .same cause as, and closelyrelated to, craniorrhachischisis, and corres[)onds in the brain to rhachis-chisis of the cord. Here, also, the cranial vault is to a greater or lessextent absent, and on the basal bones lies a reddish mass of tissue, whichmay contain rudimentarv brain substance, or. more rarely, none at all(anencephalia). This reddish mass is covered l)y columnar epithelium,which, as in rhachischisis, becomes continuous with the surrounding base of the skull is very small, while the jaw and eyes project promi-nently, giving to the head a ver> characteristic appearance; for thisr
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