History of the United States . ce of arms, and afterwards lost all that he had gained. At the very outset of his Presidency, Jefferson was nettled bythe action of his predecessor in appointing, literally at the lastminute of his term, as many Federalists as possible to Federal ap-governmental positions. Jefferson denounced these po^^t™^*^eleventh-hour appointments, and, as far as he could, he turnedthe appointees out. He selected James Madison as Secretary ofState and Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury.^ 1 It was said that at the stroke of twelve midnight of March 3, 1801, thenewly a
History of the United States . ce of arms, and afterwards lost all that he had gained. At the very outset of his Presidency, Jefferson was nettled bythe action of his predecessor in appointing, literally at the lastminute of his term, as many Federalists as possible to Federal ap-governmental positions. Jefferson denounced these po^^t™^*^eleventh-hour appointments, and, as far as he could, he turnedthe appointees out. He selected James Madison as Secretary ofState and Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury.^ 1 It was said that at the stroke of twelve midnight of March 3, 1801, thenewly appointed Republican Attorney-General, Levi Lincoln of Massachusetts,walked in upon the Federalist Secretary of State, John Marshall, and stopped hiscounter-signing of commissions or appointments to office that had just been con-firmed by the Federalist Senate. President Adams declined to stay in Washin,^;-ton to welcome a successor whom he at that time both disliked and distrusted. 179 ISO ADMINISTRATIONS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON. 117. War with the Barbary States, 1801-1804.—Just as Jeffer-son and his cabinet were beginning to carry out their poHcy ofFederal economy, aggravated difficulties came up with the inhabi-tants of the Barbary States of North Mohammedan peoples had been prey-ing upon the commerce of Europe and hadexacted tribute even from the strongest na-tions. They despised the American Republic,which also had been paying tribute. Later,when the United States began to take oversome of the trade that the warring nationsof Europe were losing, the Barbary pirates,ignoring their treaties with the United States,captured American merchantmen at will. Jefferson set himself to the task of teach-ing the corsairs of Tripoli and Algiers a reorganized the small navy of the UnitedStates, successfully advocated the construc-tion of additional frigates, and used them togood effect in European waters. In a shorttime the distant young republic had taughtthe pirat
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