. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTINOPTERYGIAN INTERRELATIONSHIPS • Lauder and Liem 103 ACTINOPTERYGII 32-35. Figure 6. Branching diagram (cladogram) showing one hypothesis of the relationships between the main actinopter- ygian subgroups. Taxa with no living representatives are indicated with a dagger. Patterson (1982) provides an extensive discussion of the relationships of primitive actinopterygians and many of the characters listed here are abstracted from his paper. The characters are: 1, presence of a single dorsal fin; 2, a pectoral proptery
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTINOPTERYGIAN INTERRELATIONSHIPS • Lauder and Liem 103 ACTINOPTERYGII 32-35. Figure 6. Branching diagram (cladogram) showing one hypothesis of the relationships between the main actinopter- ygian subgroups. Taxa with no living representatives are indicated with a dagger. Patterson (1982) provides an extensive discussion of the relationships of primitive actinopterygians and many of the characters listed here are abstracted from his paper. The characters are: 1, presence of a single dorsal fin; 2, a pectoral propterygium (see Rosen ef a/., 1981); 3, ganoin, 4, anterodorsal peglike process on the scales; 5, jugal pitlines; 6, mandibular sensory canal enclosed in the dentary bone; 7, autosphenotic and large opisthotic bone in the braincase; 8, acrodin caps on teeth; 9, pelvic plate present (see Rosen ef a/., 1981); 10, numerous features of soft anatomy including brain development, jaw muscles, and gill arch muscles (Wiley, 1979; Nieuwenhuys, 1982; Patterson, 1982; Lauder, 1980b); 11, a perforated propterygium; 12, basal fulcra on dorsal caudal margin; 13, supra-angular bone present in lower jaw; 14, hemopoietic organ above the medulla oblongata; 15, fringing fulcra on fins; 16, spiracular canal; 17, dorsal finspines; 18, ontogenetic fusion of infraor- bitals with the maxilla (see Patterson |1982| and Daget [1950] for additional characters); 19, absence of myodomes (Schaeffer, 1973); 20, fusion of premaxillae, maxillae, and dermopalatines (Schaeffer, 1973); 21, anterior palatoquadrate symphysis (Jollie, 1980); 22, fin rays equal in number to their supports in the dorsal and anal fins (Patterson and Rosen, 1977); 23, upper pharyngeal dentition consolidated (Patterson and Rosen, 1977); 24, clavicle lost or reduced to small plate lateral to cleithrum (see Patterson and Rosen (1977) who also provide several other characters); 25, mobile maxillary bone in the cheek; 26, interopercular bone prese
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