. New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen . heep in New Jersey, of whichone-quarter were in Burlington. On the grazinglands forming a part of Newark and nearby townswere three thousand seven hundred of these ani-mals, while Middlesex, Salem, and Gloucester hadeach about two thousand. There were probablyone hundred and fifty carding machines in theState, twenty-nine being located in the County ofSussex. The valleys of Morris, Sussex, and YvarrenCounties were filled with beef cattle, horses couldbe found upon every large plantation in the cen-tral part of the State,
. New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen . heep in New Jersey, of whichone-quarter were in Burlington. On the grazinglands forming a part of Newark and nearby townswere three thousand seven hundred of these ani-mals, while Middlesex, Salem, and Gloucester hadeach about two thousand. There were probablyone hundred and fifty carding machines in theState, twenty-nine being located in the County ofSussex. The valleys of Morris, Sussex, and YvarrenCounties were filled with beef cattle, horses couldbe found upon every large plantation in the cen-tral part of the State, while the blue blossom ofthe flax plant, scattered through every township,gave promise of womans work upon the farmwhen hatcheling-time came. To reach a distant market was primarily thefirst object of those who were instrumental in ad-vancing the cause of good roads, which beganwith the chartering of the turnpikes. Good roads,then as now, meant cheaper goods, saving offreights, improved maifeicilities, increased circu-lation of newspapers, accessibility of schools and. 4 AIKW .OvRSKY «TAAP r- ONY AND AS A STATE 169 churches, in fact the development of every factorin association. Thus it was that the turnpikespenetrated every portion of Central and NorthernNew Jersey; in some instances old roads wereconstructed upon new lines. Their building re-sulted in the expenditure of large sums of moneyfor labor and materials, and brought to themselveslanes leading to the homes of wealthy landown-ers, as well as subsidiary roads which connectedthe pikes with numerous small villages. Thomas F. Gordon, in his Gazetteer published in1834, in examining the causes leading to the con-struction of turnpikes in New Jersey, states thatthe objects of their incorporation were it was the desire of facilitating commu-nication between Philadelphia and New York; theneed of an outlet for the products of the fields andmines of the northern interior; and the creation ofa market in New York C
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