. Europe and other continents . scourage. Theneed of storing supplies for winter has led, by naturalsteps, to the accumulation of wealth, to trade, and tovarious other forms of industry. The farmer, herder,and fisherman supply food; but they in turn need imple-ments, clothing, and other articles. At first, among nat-ural races, each man supplies these for himself; but withfurther development it is found desirable to devote oneswhole time to ones special occupation. Thus some obtainfood, others make weapons, tools, etc.; and by the ex-change which thus arises, commerce is developed, andwith it
. Europe and other continents . scourage. Theneed of storing supplies for winter has led, by naturalsteps, to the accumulation of wealth, to trade, and tovarious other forms of industry. The farmer, herder,and fisherman supply food; but they in turn need imple-ments, clothing, and other articles. At first, among nat-ural races, each man supplies these for himself; but withfurther development it is found desirable to devote oneswhole time to ones special occupation. Thus some obtainfood, others make weapons, tools, etc.; and by the ex-change which thus arises, commerce is developed, andwith it a great advance is made. Shelter. — Even the most primitive races have needof shelter from the heat, cold, or rain. To this day somelive in hollow trees, like the beasts ; but most havedeveloped a higher type of shelter. A more advancedstage is reached when the limbs of low trees and bushes THE HUMAN RACE 83 4? ■:uM .■.■:■■■■ ■*■ • .;■ , ^ i > ■ ■■..■■ ■•■■ ,■■ : ■■•- ,Vr ^. are bent over and woven together for protection ; orwhen bushes are stuck into the ground and their limbsfastened together. Beginning with these simple devices,there is every - - - 7_ . gradation to theelaborate grasshuts of the ne-groes (Fig. 65)and the woodenhouses of thewhites. Early racesoften lived incaves, especiallywhere the cli-mate was so coldthat winter pro-tection was necessary. This was true of early Europeansand of some American Indians; it is still practised inparts of the earth. It is a step in advance to build partialhouses beneath overhanging cliffs, where the roof and onewall are supplied by the solid rock, as among the cliffdwellers of western United States. Then comes the housecomposed entirely of stone, or of dried clay, either thesun-dried adobe or the baked brick. The highest devel-opment of architecture is reached in the massive publicbuildings of the present day. Nomadic races, travelling about as they do, require portabledwelli
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectgeograp, bookyear1901
